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| 1 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 2 | Effect of forage and monensin on the rumen fermentation of fistulated cows fed continuously at a constant intake显示文摘 | Lana R P Russell J B | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，1： | 2 |
| 3 | On the wavelength dependence of the absorption of black carbon particles: Predictions and results from the TARFOX experiment and implications for the single scattering albedo显示文摘 | Bergstrom R W Russell P B Hignett P | 2002 | Journal of Atrnospheric Science2002，59，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Improved algorithm for detecting arcing faults using random fault behavior 显示文摘 | Bennera C Carswella P Don Russell B | 1989 | Electric Power Systems Research1989，17，1： | 1 |
| 5 | mieroRNA modulation of circadian-clock period and entrainment显示文摘 | Cheng H Y Papp J W Varlamova O Dziema H Russell B Cur- fman J P | 2007 | Neuron2007，54，： | 1 |
| 6 | Effect of forage quality and monensin on the ruminal fermentation of fistulated cows fed continuously at a constant intake显示文摘 | Lana R P Russell J B | 1997 | J Anim Sci1997，75，6： | 1 |
| 7 | A multi- criteria decision analysis model to assess the safety of botanicals utilizing data on history of use 显示文摘 | NEELY T WALSH-MASON B RUSSEL P | 2011 | Toxicol Int2011，18，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of Relative Humidity and Air Permeability on Prediction of the Rate of Carbonation of Concrete显示文摘 | D Russell P A M Basheer G I B Rankin | 2001 | Structure Building2001，3，146： | 1 |
| 9 | Fundamentals of the sprayfreezing of foods-Microstructure of frozen droplets显示文摘 | Hindmarsh J P Russell A B Chen X D | 2007 | Journal ofFood Engineering2007，78，： | 1 |
| 10 | Protein kinase B regulates T lymphocyte survival,nuclear factor κB activation,and BclⅪ levels in vivo显示文摘 | Russell G Michael P Madeleine B | 2000 | J Exp Med2000，191，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Experimental and numericalanalysis of the temperature transition of a suspended freezing waterdroplet显示文摘 | Hindmarsh J P Russell A B Chen X D | 2004 | Chemical Engineering Science2004，59，： | 1 |
| 12 | Estimation of aerosol radiative effects over the mid-latitude North Atlantic region from satellite and in situ measurements显示文摘 | Bergstrom R W Russell P B | 1999 | Geophysical Research Letter1999，，26： | 1 |
| 13 | Influence of freezing conditions on ice crystallization in ice cream显示文摘 | RUSSELL A B CHENEY P E WANTLING S D | 1999 | Journal of Food Engineering1999，39，： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of nitrogen fer- tilization and pH on methane oxidation in aerobic soil显示文摘 | Hutsch B W Webster C P Russel P | 1996 | Landbauforschung Volkenrode1996，165，： | 1 |
| 15 | Pectin enzymes in pectolyaes-separation,character-rization and induction of ethylene in fruit显示文摘 | Elizabetha B Russell P | 1989 | Plant Physiol1989，90，： | 1 |
| 16 | Quantitative analysis of cellulose degradation and growth of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen显示文摘 | Russell J B Muck R E Weimer P J | 2009 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology2009，67，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Aerosol climate effects:local radiative forcing and column closure experiments显示文摘 | RUSSELL P B KINNE S A BERGSTROM R W | 1997 | Journal of Geophysical Research1997，102，： | 1 |
| 18 | Antiviral activity of CHOSS cell-derived human omega interferon and other human interferons against HCV RNA replicons and related viruses显示文摘 | Buckwold V E Wei J Huang Z Huang C Nalca A Wells J Russell J Collins B Ptak R Lang W Scribner C Blanchett D Alessi T Langecker P | 2007 | AntiviralResearch2007，73，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and related data as an indi- cator of aerosol composition显示文摘 | Russell P B Bergstrom R W Shinozuka Y | 2010 | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics2010，10，： | 1 |
| 20 | Absorption Angstrom exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator of aerosol composition显示文摘 | Russell P B Bergstrom R W Shinozuka Y | 2010 | AtmosChemPhys2010，10，3： | 1 |
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