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| 1 | Global burden, distribution, and interventions for infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,and social stigma.In 2010,the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million.Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000,while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year.Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa,Asia,and Latin America,with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection.Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases,however,the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.Therefore,community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases,especially in resource-poor settings,it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases.Therefore,we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies,that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP.In this paper,we describe the burden,epidemiology,and potential interventions for IDoP.In subsequent papers of this series,we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews,and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs. | Zulfiqar A Bhutta Johannes Sommerfeld Zohra S Lassi Rehana A Salam Jai K Das | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 21 |
| 2 | Assessing resources for implementing a community directed intervention (CDI) strategy in delivering multiple health interventions in urban poor communities in Southwestern Nigeria: a qualitative study显示文摘Background:Many simple,affordable and effective disease control measures have had limited impact due to poor access especially by the poorer populations(urban and rural)and inadequate community participation.A proven strategy to address the problem of access to health interventions is the Community Directed Interventions(CDI)approach,which has been used successfully in rural areas.This study was carried out to assess resources for the use of a CDI strategy in delivering health interventions in poorly-served urban communities in Ibadan,Nigeria.Methods:A formative study was carried out in eight urban poor communities in the Ibadan metropolis in the Oyo State.Qualitative methods comprising 12 focus group discussions(FGDs)with community members and 73 key informant interviews(KIIs)with community leaders,programme managers,community-based organisations(CBOs),non-government organisations(NGOs)and other stakeholders at federal,state and local government levels were used to collect data to determine prevalent diseases and healthcare delivery services,as well as to explore the potential resources for a CDI strategy.All interviews were audio recorded.Content analysis was used to analyse the data.Results:Malaria,upper respiratory tract infection,diarrhoea and measles were found to be prevalent in children,while hypertension and diabetes topped the list of diseases among adults.Healthcare was financed mainly by out-of-pocket expenses.Cost and location were identified as hindrances to utilisation of health facilities;informal cooperatives(esusu)were available to support those who could not pay for care.Immunisation,nutrition,reproductive health,tuberculosis(TB)and leprosy,environmental health,malaria and HIV/AIDs control programmes were the ongoing interventions.Delivery strategies included house-to-house,home-based treatment,health education and campaigns.Community participation in the planning,implementation and monitoring of development projects was reported as common practice.The resources available for these activities and which constitute potential resources for the CDI process include community volunteers,CBOs and NGOs.Others are landlords;professional,women and youth associations;social clubs,religious organisations and the available health facilities.Conclusion:This study’s findings support the feasibility of using the CDI process in delivering health interventions in urban poor communities and show that potential resources for the strategy abound in the communities. | Ikeoluwapo O Ajayi Ayodele S Jegede Catherine O Falade Johannes Sommerfeld | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 4 |
| 3 | A numerical assessment of two geometries for reducing elbow erosion显示文摘Elbows in pneumatic conveying systems are normally prone to the erosive effects of conveyed particles.There are a number of solutions available to reduce such damage.A widely used geometric alternative for replacing the 90°elbow and reducing erosive wear is the plugged tee.Another option,although less commonly used,is the vortex-chamber elbow.In both cases,the effective reduction in erosion brought about is unclear,as it strongly depends on the operating conditions.The present study assesses relative erosion among the plugged tee,vortex-chamber elbow,and standard elbow for a dilute gas-solid multiphase flow.A numerical model is employed to predict the penetration ratio and validated using experimental data for the plugged tee.Simulations are run for the standard and vortex-chamber elbows and plugged tee under the same conditions to compare the mechanics involved and the relative erosion reduction.The analysis uses variables relating to particle-wall interactions(impact angle,impact velocity,impact frequency)to illustrate the nature of the erosive process in each pipe fitting.In general,the geometric configurations of both the plugged tee and vortex-chamber elbow promote changes in particle dynamics that reduce the rate of erosion.On the basis of the relative erosion of the standard elbow,the plugged tee proves to be an interesting option in cases of a low mass loading,while the vortex-chamber elbow demonstrates its erosion reduction potential for higher mass loading conditions.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of each fitting are highlighted. | Carlos Antonio Ribeiro Duarte Francisco Joséde Souza Diego Nei Venturi Martin Sommerfeld | 2020 | Particuology2020，18，2： | 3 |
| 4 | Experimental and numerical studies of shock wave focusing in water显示文摘 | Sommerfeld M Mueller M | 1988 | Experiments in Fluids1988，6，： | 2 |
| 5 | Characterization of particle-laden confined swirling flows by phase-doppler anemometry numerical calculation显示文摘 | Sommerfeld M Qiu H H | 1993 | (19): 1093-11271993，，19： | 2 |
| 6 | Eco-bio-social determinants of dengue vector breeding: a multicountry study in urban and periurban Asia显示文摘 | Arunachalam Natarajan Tana Susilowati Espino Fe Kittayapong Pattamaporn Abeyewickreme Wimal Wai Khin Thet Tyagi Brij Kishore Kroeger Axel Sommerfeld Johannes Petzold Max | 2010 | World Health Organization Bulletin of the World Health Organization2010，，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Wall roughness effects on pneumatic conveying of spherical particles in a narrow horizontal channel显示文摘 | SOMMERFELD M KUSSIN J | 2004 | Powder Technology2004，142，： | 1 |
| 8 | Genomic amplification of the human telomerase gene(TERC)in pap smears predicts the development of cervical cancer显示文摘 | Heselmeyer HK Sommerfeld K White NM | 2005 | Am J Pathol2005，166，： | 1 |
| 9 | Long-term stability of PBCA nanoparticle suspensions显示文摘 | Sommerfeld P Sabel B A Schroeder U | 2000 | J Microencapsul2000，17，： | 1 |
| 10 | State of the art and future trends in CFD simulation of stirred vessel hydrodynamics显示文摘 | Sommerfeld M Decker S | 2004 | Chem Eng Technol2004，27，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Rising wage inequality, the decline of collective bargaining, and the gender wage gap显示文摘 | Dirk Antonczyk Bernd Fitzenberger Katrin Sommerfeld | 2010 | Labour Economics2010，，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Numerical calculation of particle transport in turbulent wall bounded flows powder technology显示文摘 | Sommerfeld M Ho C A | 2003 | Powder Technol2003，131，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Validation of a stochastic Lagrangian modelling approach for inter-particle collisions in homogeneoud isotropic turbulence显示文摘 | MARTIN Sommerfeld | 2001 | International Journal of Multiphase Flow2001，27，： | 1 |
| 14 | Spasticity after stroke: its occurrence and association with motor impairments and activity limitations显示文摘 | Sommerfeld DK Eek EU Svensson AK | 2004 | Stroke2004，35，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Ge- nomic amplification of the human telomerase gene (TERC)in pap smears predicts the development of cervical cancer 显示文摘 | Heselmeyer - Haddad K Sommerfeld K White N M | 2005 | Am J Patho12005，166，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Genomic amplification of the human telomerase gene (TERC) in pap smears predicts the development of cervical cancer 显示文摘 | Heselmeyer-Haddad K Sommerfeld K White NM | 2005 | AmJ Pathol2005，166，： | 1 |
| 17 | Collision between high and low viscosity droplets: Direct numerical simulations and experiments 显示文摘 | FOCKE C KUSCHEL M SOMMERFELD M | 2013 | International Journal of Multiphase Flow2013，56，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Genomic amplification of the human telomerase gene (TERC) in pap smears predicts the development of cervical cancer显示文摘 | Heselmeyer-Haddad K Sommerfeld K White NM | 2005 | Am J Pathol2005，166，： | 1 |
| 19 | Genom- ic amplification of the human telomerase gene (TERC) in pap smears predicts the development of cervical cancer 显示文摘 | Heselmeyer-Haddad K Sommerfeld K White NM | 2005 | Am J Pathol2005，166，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Modelling and numerical calculation of dilute-phase pneumatic conveying in pipe systems 显示文摘 | Huber N Sommerfeld M | 1998 | Powder Technology1998，99，： | 1 |
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