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| 1 | Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:A review of medical therapy显示文摘Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. While a cure remains elusive, both can be treated with medications that induce and maintain remission. With the recent advent of therapies that inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha the overlap in medical therapies for UC and CD has become greater. Although 5-ASA agents have been a mainstay in the treatment of both CD and UC, the data for their efficacy in patients with CD, particularly as maintenance therapy, are equivocal. Antibiotics may have a limited role in the treatment of colonic CD. Steroids continue to be the first choice to treat active disease not responsive to other more conservative therapy; non- systemic steroids such as oral and rectal budesonide for ileal and right-sided CD and distal UC respectively are also effective in mild-moderate disease. 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its prodrug azathioprine are steroid-sparing immunomodulators effective in the maintenance of remission of both CD and UC, while methotrexate may be used in both induction and maintenance of CD. Infliximab and adalimumab are anti-TNF agents approved in the US and Europe for the treatment of Crohn's disease, and infliximab is also approved for the treatment of UC. | Patricia L Kozuch Stephen B Hanauer | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，3： | 21 |
| 2 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Landscape features and weather influence nest survival of a ground-nesting bird of conservation concern,the greater sage-grouse,in humanaltered environments显示文摘Introduction:Ground-nesting birds experience high levels of nest predation.However,birds can make selection decisions related to nest site location and characteristics that may result in physical,visual,and olfactory impediments to predators.Methods:We studied daily survival rate[DSR]of greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)from 2008 to 2010 in an area in Wyoming experiencing large-scale alterations to the landscape.We used generalized linear mixed models to model fixed and random effects,and a correlation within nesting attempts,individual birds,and years.Results:Predation of the nest was the most common source of nest failure(84.7%)followed by direct predation of the female(13.6%).Generally,landscape variables at the nest site(≤30 m)were more influential on DSR of nests than features at larger spatial scales.Percentage of shrub canopy cover at the nest site(15-m scale)and distances to natural gas wells and mesic areas had a positive relationship with DSR of nests,whereas distance to roads had a negative relationship with DSR of nests.When added to the vegetation model,maximum wind speed on the day of nest failure and a 1-day lag in precipitation(i.e.,precipitation the day before failure)improved model fit whereby both variables negatively influenced DSR of nests.Conclusions:Nest site characteristics that reduce visibility(i.e.,shrub canopy cover)have the potential to reduce depredation,whereas anthropogenic(i.e.,distance to wells)and mesic landscape features appear to facilitate depredation.Last,predators may be more efficient at locating nests under certain weather conditions(i.e.,high winds and moisture). | Stephen L Webb Chad V Olson Matthew R Dzialak Seth M Harju Jeffrey B Winstead Dusty Lockman | 2012 | Ecological Processes2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor signaling inhibits experimental colitis显示文摘 | Liu Weicheng Chen Yunzi Golan Maya Aharoni Annunziata Maria L Du Jie Dougherty Urszula Kong Juan Musch Mark Huang Yong Pekow Joel Zheng Changqing Bissonnette Marc Hanauer Stephen B Li Yan Chun | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2013，，9： | 2 |
| 5 | Cancer Genome Scanning in Plasma: Detection of Tumor-Associated Copy Number Aberrations, Single-Nucleotide Variants, and Tumoral Heterogeneity by Massively Parallel Sequencing显示文摘 | Chan K C Allen Jiang Peiyong Zheng Yama W L Liao Gary J W Sun Hao Wong John Siu Shing Shun N Chan Wing C Chan Stephen L Chan Anthony T C Lai Paul B S Chiu Rossa W K Lo Y M D | 2013 | Clinical Chemistry2013，，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Robust Minimum Variance Beamforming显示文摘 | Robert G L Stephen P B | 2005 | IEEE Trans on Signal Processing2005，53，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Inhibition of first polar body formation in Crassostrea gigas produces tetraploids,not meiotic 1 triploids显示文摘 | Stephens L B Downing S L | 1988 | J Shellfish Res1988，7，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Synthesis of polysub- stituted indoles and indulines by means of zirconcenne- stabilized benzzyne complexes 显示文摘 | JEFFREY H T STEPHEN L B | 1994 | J Am Chem Soc1994，116，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Express of a heterolo- gous manganese superoxide dismutase gene in intestinal lactobacilli provides protection against hydrogen peroxide toxicity显示文摘 | JOSE M B JASON M A STEPHEN L L | 2004 | Appl Envi- ron Microbioi2004，70，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Activity and safety of crizotinib in patients with ALK -positive non-small-cell lung cancer: updated results from a phase 1 study显示文摘 | D Ross Camidge Yung-Jue Bang Eunice L Kwak A John Iafrate Marileila Varella-Garcia Stephen B Fox Gregory J Riely Benjamin Solomon Sai-Hong I Ou Dong-Wan Kim Ravi Salgia Panagiotis Fidias Jeffrey A Engelman Leena Gandhi Pasi A J?nne Daniel B Costa Geoffrey | 2012 | Lancet Oncology2012，，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Investigation of benzene oxide in bone marrow and other tissues of F344 rats following metabolism of benzene in vitro and in vivo 显示文摘 | Andrew B L Karen YO C Suramya W Thomas A M Bernard T G Stephen M R | 1998 | Chemical Research in Toxicology1998，11，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during Adefovir Dipivoxil therapy显示文摘 | Bettina WL Scott B Stephen L | 2004 | Gastroenterology2004，126，： | 1 |
| 13 | A combined atomic force/ fluorescence microscopy technique to select aptamers in a single cycle from a small pool of random oligonucleotides 显示文摘 | Peng L Stephens B J Bonin K | 2007 | Microsc Res Tech2007，70，4： | 1 |
| 14 | 显示文摘 | Edward E Leonard J B Stephen C L | 2005 | Biomolecular Engineering2005，22，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Incidence and importance of antibody responses to infliximab after maintenance or episodic treatment in Crohn’s disease显示文摘 | Stephen B Hanauer Carrie L Wagner Mohan Bala Lloyd Mayer Suzanne Travers Robert H Diamond Allan Olson Warren Bao Paul Rutgeerts | 2004 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2004，，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of cultivar, environment and their interaction and stability analyses on milling and baking quality of soft red winter wheat显示文摘 | Stephen B P Clements R L McIntoth MS | 1985 | Crop Science1985，25，： | 1 |
| 17 | A plant DNA minipreparation: version II 显示文摘 | Stephen L D Jonathan W James B H | 1983 | Plant Molecular Biology Reporter1983，1，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of cul- tiva, environment, and their interaction and stability analysis on milling and baking quality of soft winter wheat显示文摘 | Stephen B P Clements R L Mclntosh M S etal | 1985 | Crop Science1985，2558，： | 1 |
| 19 | Modeling and spatial prediction of pre-set-tlement patterns of forest distribution using witness tree data显示文摘 | Stephen L R Bryan B | 2006 | Environmental and Ecological Statistics2006，13，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Quantitation of flavor-relatedalkenylbenzenes in tobacco smoke particulate by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Stephen B S David L A | 2000 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry2000，48，4： | 1 |
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