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| 1 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Genome sequence and analysis of the soil cellulolytic actinomyeete Thermobifidafusca YX 显示文摘 | Athanasios L Konstantinos M Natalia I lain A Miriam L Genevieve D Michele M Alia L Susan L Alex C Paul R David BW Nikos K | 2007 | J Bacteriol2007，189，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Realized gain and prediction of yield with genetically improved Pinus radiata in New Zealand显示文摘 | Susan D C Oscar G Judy D H | 1999 | For Sci1999，45，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Flavor fade in peanuts during short - term storage 显示文摘 | Jodi E W Susan E D Robert C W | 2006 | J Food Science2006，71，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Ceramic/metal interface structures and their relationship to atomic-and meso-scale properties 显示文摘 | Susan B S Elizabeth C D | 2003 | Mater Sci Eng R2003，43，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Lipid profiling identifies a triacylglycerol signature of insulin resistance and improves diabetes prediction in humans显示文摘 | Rhee Eugene P Cheng Susan Larson Martin G Walford Geoffrey A Lewis Gregory D McCabe Elizabeth Yang Elaine Farrell Laurie Fox Caroline S O’Donnell Christopher J Carr Steven A Vasan Ramachandran S Florez Jose C Clish Clary B Wang Thomas J Ger | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | The future of electrical and computer engineering education显示文摘 | Frederick C B Philip S D Susan L S | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Education2003，46，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Detailed absorption,reflectance,and UV photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical studies of the charge-transfer transitions of tetrachlorocuprate(2-) ion:correlation of the square-planar and the tetrahedral limits显示文摘 | Sylvie R D Kevin W Susan L C | 1983 | J Am Chem Soc1983，105，： | 1 |
| 9 | A post-1990s sassessment of strategic hospital alliances and their marketplace orientations-time to refocus显示文摘 | Peter C O Susan D R Roice D L | 2002 | Health Care Management Review2002，27，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Ambrisentan显示文摘 | JAMIE D C SUSAN J K | 2008 | Drugs2008，68，15： | 1 |
| 11 | Hyperalgesia, synovitis, and multiple biomarkers of inflammation are suppressed by IL-1 inhibition in a novel animal model of gouty arthritis显示文摘 | RICHARD T LYNN M SUSAN D C | 2009 | Ann Rheum Dispublished Online2009，68，： | 1 |
| 12 | Multidrug resistance proteins : role of P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP ( ABCG2 ) in tissue defense 显示文摘 | ELAINE M L ROGER G D SUSAN P C | 2005 | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2005，204，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The family contents of gender development in childhood and adolescence显示文摘 | Susan M M Ann C C Shawn D W | 2003 | Social Development2003，12，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Ward IFN-γ Is the Only Anti-rotavirus Cytokine Found after In Vitro Stimulation of Memory CD4^+ T Cells from Mice Immunized with a Chimeric VP6 Protein显示文摘 | Monica M McNeal Susan C Stone Mitali Basu John D | 2007 | Viral Immunology2007，6，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Machine classification of dental images with visual search显示文摘 | Dennis P C Susan P M Stanley M D | 2001 | Academic Radiology2001，8，12： | 1 |
| 16 | High-temperature proton conducting membranes base on perfluorinated ionomer membrane-ionic liquid composites显示文摘 | Marc D Susan K C Grant P | 2000 | J Eletrochem Soc2000，147，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The kinetics of repair of oxidative DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidised pyrimidines) in human cells显示文摘 | ANDDREW R C MA A G SUSAN J D | 1995 | Mutation Research/DNA Repair1995，336，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Indexing by latent semantic analysis显示文摘 | SCOTT C D SUSAN T D THOMAS K L | 1990 | Journal of the American Society for Information Science1990，41，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Global burden of disease in young people aged 10–24 years: a systematic analysis显示文摘 | Fiona M Gore Paul JN Bloem George C Patton Jane Ferguson Véronique Joseph Carolyn Coffey Susan M Sawyer Colin D Mathers | 2011 | 2011 (9783)2011，，9783： | 1 |
| 20 | A fuzzy-based data transformation for feature extraction to increase classification performance with small medical data sets 显示文摘 | LI D C LIU C W SUSAN C H | 2011 | Artificial Intelligence in Medicine2011，52，1： | 1 |
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