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| 1 | Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome显示文摘AIM:To design and validate broad-range 16S rRNA primers for use in high throughput sequencing to classify bacteria isolated from the human foregut microbiome.METHODS:A foregut microbiome dataset was constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from oral,esophageal,and gastric microbiomes produced by Sanger sequencing in previous studies represented by 219 bacterial species.Candidate primers evaluated were from the European rRNA database.To assess the effect of sequence length on accuracy of classification,16S rRNA genes of various lengths were created by trimming the full length sequences.Sequences spanning various hypervariable regions were selected to simulate the amplicons that would be obtained using possible primer pairs.The sequences were compared with full length 16S rRNA genes for accuracy in taxonomic classification using online software at the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP).The universality of the primer set was evaluated using the RDP 16S rRNA database which is comprised of 433 306 16S rRNA genes,represented by 36 phyla.RESULTS:Truncation to 100 nucleotides(nt)downstream from the position corresponding to base 28 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene caused misclassification of 87(39.7%)of the 219 sequences,compared with misclassification of only 29(13.2%)sequences with truncation to 350 nt.Among 350-nt sequence reads within various regions of the 16S rRNA gene,the reverse read of an amplicon generated using the 343F/798R primers had the least(8.2%)effect on classification.In comparison,truncation to 900 nt mimicking single pass Sanger reads misclassified 5.0%of the 219 sequences.The 343F/798R amplicon accurately assigned 91.8%of the 219 sequences at the species level.Weighted by abundance of the species in the esophageal dataset,the 343F/798R amplicon yielded similar classification accuracy without a significant loss in species coverage(92%).Modification of the 343F/798R primers to 347F/803R increased their universality among foregut species.Assuming that a typicalpolymerase chain reaction can tolerate 2 mismatches between a primer and a template,the modified 347F and 803R primers should be able to anneal 98%and 99.6%of all 16S rRNA genes in the RDP database.CONCLUSION:347F/803R is the most suitable pair of primers for classification of foregut 16S rRNA genes but also possess universality suitable for analyses of other complex microbiomes. | Carlos W Nossa William E Oberdorf Jφrn A Aas Bruce J Paster Todd Z DeSantis Eoin L Brodie Daniel Malamud Michael A Poles Zhiheng Pei | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，33： | 16 |
| 2 | 全球慢性疾病流行和疾病管理方案国际拓展显示文摘从海啸、HIV/AIDS危机、战争的创伤和发展中国家的饥饿来看,全球的医院正在努力应付对其能力要求日益增长的需求。另一种全球性危机正迅速来临,世界卫生组织建议,慢性疾病可能成为“21世纪的流行病”。 | Warren E Todd | 2006 | 中国卫生产业2006，，7： | 8 |
| 3 | Successful endoscopic treatment of colonic gallstone ileus using electrohydraulic lithotripsy显示文摘The surgical management of gallstone ileus is complex and potentially highly morbid.Initial management requires enterolithotomy and is generally followed by fistula resection at a later date.There have been reports of gallstone extraction using various endoscopic modalities to relieve the obstruction,however,to date,there has never been a published case of endoscopic stone extraction from the colon using electrohydraulic lithotripsy.In this report,we present the technique employed to successfully perform an electrohydraulic lithotripsy for removal of a large gallstone impacted in the sigmoid colon.A cavity was excavated in an obstructing 4.1 cm lamellated stone in the sigmoid colon using electrohydraulic lithotripsy.A screw stent retractor and stent extractor bored a larger lumen which allowed for guidewire advancement and stone fracture via serial pneumatic balloon dilatation.The stone fragments were removed.Electrohydraulic lithotripsy is a safe and effective method to treat colonic obstruction in the setting of gallstone ileus. | Martin D Zielinski Lincoln E Ferreira Todd H Baron | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，12： | 2 |
| 4 | Sulfate adsorption and desorption reversibility in a variety of forest soils 显示文摘 | Harrison R B Johnson D W Todd D E | 1989 | J Environ Qual1989，18，： | 2 |
| 5 | Satellite identification of rain days over the upper Nile river basin using an optimum infrared rain/no-rain threshold temperature model显示文摘 | Todd M E C Barrett M J Beaumont | 1995 | J Appl Meteor1995，34，： | 2 |
| 6 | Stability of fruit quality traits in diverse watermelon cultivars tested in multiple environments显示文摘Lycopene is a naturally occurring red carotenoid compound that is found in watermelon.Lycopene has antioxidant properties.Lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance are subject to significant genotype×environment interaction(G×E),which makes breeding for these fruit quality traits difficult.The objectives of this study were to(i)evaluate the influence of years and locations on lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance for a set of watermelon genotypes,and(ii)identify genotypes with high stability for lycopene,sugar,and hollowheart resistance.A diverse set of 40 genotypes was tested over 3 years and 8 locations across the southern United States in replicated,multi-harvest trials.Lycopene was tested in a subset of 10 genotypes.Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate stability statistics(BLUP-GGE biplot)using SASGxE and RGxE programs.There were strong effects of environment as well as G×E interaction on watermelon quality traits.On the basis of stability measures,genotypes were classified as stable or unstable for each quality trait.'Crimson Sweet'is an inbred line with high quality trait performance as well as trait stability.'Stone Mountain','Tom Watson','Crimson Sweet'and'Minilee'were among the best genotypes for lycopene content,sugar content and hollowheart resistance.We developed a stability chart based on marketable yield and average ranking generated from different stability measures for yield attributes and quality traits.The chart will assist in choosing parents for improvement of watermelon cultivars.See http://gffzz783b6e01a04243c3h6wwn6cc5qboc6ncq.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/cucurbit/wmelon/wmelonmain.html. | Mahendra Dia Todd C Wehner Penelope Perkins-Veazie Richard Hassell Daniel S Price George E Boyhan Stephen M Olson Stephen R King Angela R Davis Gregory E Tolla Jerome Bernier Benito Juarez | 2016 | Horticulture Research2016，3，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Mechanism of increased lung injury after acute pancreatitis in IL-10 knockout mice显示文摘 | Gloor B Todd K E | 1998 | J Surg Res1998，80，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Quality and chemistry of throughfall as influenced by forest type and season显示文摘 | Henderson G S Harris C F Todd D E | 1977 | Journal of Ecology1977，65，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Propranolol treatment for hemangioma of infancy:risks and recommendations显示文摘 | Lawley LP Siegfried E Todd JL | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 10 | Cooperative Comm-unication in Wireless Networks 显示文摘 | ARIA N TODD E HUNTER A | 2004 | IEEE Communications Magazine2004，，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of roundup ready crops显示文摘 | Todd F Han H J Healy-Fried M L Fischer M Schnbrunn E | 2006 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006，，13： | 1 |
| 12 | Preliminary estimates of the cost of foodborne disease in the United States显示文摘 | Todd E C D | 1989 | J Food Protection1989，52，： | 1 |
| 13 | Hepatitis C genotype distribution and homology among geographically disparate injecting drug users in Afghanistan显示文摘 | Sanders-Buell E Rutvisuttinunt W Todd CS | 2013 | J Med Virol2013，85，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Measuring stem water content in four deciduous hardwoods with a time-domain reflectometer 显示文摘 | Wullschleger S D Hanson P J Todd D E | 1996 | Tree Physiology1996，16，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Nanofluid-Based Direct Absorption Solar Collector 显示文摘 | Todd P O Patrick E P Ravi S P | 2010 | Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy2010，2，03： | 1 |
| 16 | Combined sugar yields for dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining solids显示文摘 | Lloyd Todd A Wyman Charles E | 2005 | Bioresour Technol2005，96，18： | 1 |
| 17 | Tests of equal forecast accuracy and encompassing for nested models显示文摘 | Todd E Clark Michael W McCracken | 2001 | Journal of Econometrics2001，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Tin-transition metal-carbon systems for lithium-ion battery negative electrodes显示文摘 | Todd A D W Mar R E Dahn J R | 2007 | Journal of the Electrochemical Society2007，154，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Assessment of ethanol consumption and water drinking by NPY Y2 receptor knockout mice 显示文摘 | Todd ET Philippe N Patrik E | 2004 | Peptide2004，25，： | 1 |
| 20 | Postpneumonectomy chylothorax 显示文摘 | Vallieres E Shamji FM Todd TR | 1993 | Ann Thorac Surg1993，55，4： | 1 |
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