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| 1 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 2 | Defensin expression in chronic pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis coli显示文摘瞄准:当在在为家庭腺瘤息肉病关口 i (FAP ) 的 proctocolectomy 以后的病人是稀罕的时, Pouchitis 在小袋外科以后在开始的 10 年期间与 ulcerative 在多达 50% 病人在 ileoanal 小袋发展症候群。Defensins 是天生的免疫系统的主要部件并且在胃肠的微生物引起的动态平衡起一个重要作用。小袋 defensin 和 cytokine 表示与小袋发炎的状态被相关在 pouchitis 学习他们的角色。方法:有 ulcerative 和 FAP 症候群的病人在外科以后与小袋被成层进组,小袋没有或与 pouchitis。从从健康的肠或从有 ulcerative 的病人的正常终端回肠的终端回肠的活体检视用作控制。从小袋和控制的 mRNA 为 defensin 和 cytokine 表示被分析。结果:defensins 的表示在外科以后立即在所有小袋被增加,与控制的回肠相比。开始,在 ulcerative 的小袋比 FAP 小袋揭示了更高的 defensin 表示。Defensin 表示在两个耐心的组衰退了并且与 ulcerative 在病人在 pouchitis 稍微再增加了。没有 pouchitis 的 FAP 小袋有 beta-defensin hBD-1 的强壮的表示,当所有另外的 defensins 在底层留下了时。在 ulcerative 小袋的 Cytokine 表示高,当 FAP 小袋仅仅在外科以后显示出中等提高的 cytokines 时。结论:pouchitis 的开发除了 cytokines 的高表示在 ulcerative 与减少的 defensin 表示相关。在 FAP 小袋的 pouchitis 的低发生与低 cytokine 层次联合与 hBD-1 beta-defensin 的增加的表示相关。 | Karlheinz Kiehne Gabriele Brunke Franziska Wegner Tomas Banasiewicz Ulrich R F lsch Karl-Heinz Herzig | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，7： | 8 |
| 3 | Lactobacilli,bifi dobacteria and E.coli nissle induce pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether the stimulation of peripher- al blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) with the cell debris and cell extraction of different probiotic strains is similar or species specifi c. METHODS: Three strains of bifi dobacteria, 4 strains of lactobacilli, and E. coli nissle were sonicated and centri- fuged in order to divide them into cell extract and cell debris. PBMNC were separated by density gradient and incubated for 36 h with either the cell debris or the cell extract of single strains of probiotic bacteria in doses from 102 to 108 CFU/mL. Cell supernatants were taken and interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Depending on the species super-family, the strains had different stimulation patterns. Except for both L. casei strains, the cell extract of bifidobacteriaand lactobacilli had less stimulating capacity than cell debris, whereas the cell extract of E. coli nissle had simi- lar stimulating properties to that of the cell debris of the strain and significantly more stimulating capacity than that of bifi dobacteria and lactobacilli. The cell debris of bifi dobacteria stimulated more cytokine release than the cell debris of lactobacilli. The cell debris of lactobacilli did not have a stimulating capacity when lower concentra- tions were used. Neither cell extraction nor cell debris had an inhibitory effect on the production of the tested cytokines by stimulated PBMNC. CONCLUSION: The incubation of probiotic strains, which have been used in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases, with immunocompetent cells leads to different species specifi c reactions. High IL-10 response to cell de- bris of bifi dobacteria and E. coli nissle can be found. This corresponds to positive effects of bifi dobacteria and E. coli nissle in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease compared to negative outcomes obtained with lactoba- cilli. | Ulf Helwig Karen M Lammers Fernando Rizzello Patricia Brigidi Verena Rohleder Elisabetta Caramelli Paolo Giochetti Juergen Schrezenmeir Ulrich R Foelsch Stefan Schreiber Massimo Campieri | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，37： | 3 |
| 4 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, 5-FU, and leucovorin (PLF) in locally advanced gastric cancer: a prospective phase II study显示文摘 | Katja Ott Andreas Sendler Karen Becker Hans-Joachim Dittler Hermann Helmberger Raimonde Busch Christian Kollmannsberger J. Rüdiger Siewert Ulrich Fink | 2003 | Gastric Cancer2003，，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Second-generation direct-acting-antiviral hepatitis C virus treatment: Efficacy, safety, and predictors of SVR12显示文摘AIM To gather data on the antiviral efficacy and safety of second generation direct acting antiviral(DAA) treatment with respect to sustained virological response(SVR) 12 wk after conclusion of treatment, and to determine predictors of SVR12 in this setting.METHODS Two hundred and sixty patients treated with SOF combination partners PR(n = 51), R(n = 10), SMV(n = 30), DCV(n = 81), LDV(n = 73), or 3D(n = 15).144/260 were pre-treated, 89/260 had liver cirrhosis, 56/260 had portal hypertension with platelets < 100/nL, 25/260 had a MELD score ≥ 10 and 17/260 were postliver transplantation patients. 194/260 had HCV GT1, 44/260 HCV GT3.RESULTS Two hundred and forty/256(93.7%) patients achieved SVR12(m ITT); 4/260 were lost to follow-up. SVR12 rates for subgroups were: 92% for SOF/DCV, 93% for each SOF/SMV, SOF/PR, 94% for SOF/LDV, 100% for 3D, 94% for pretreated, 87% for liver cirrhosis, 82% for patients with platelets < 100/n L, 88% post-liver transplantation, 95% for GT1 a, 93% for GT1 b, 90% for GT3, 100% for GT2, 4, and 6. 12 patients suffered from relapse, 6 prematurely discontinued treatment, of which 4 died. Negative predictors of SVR12 were a platelet count < 100/nL, MELD score ≥ 10(P < 0.0001), liver cirrhosis(P = 0.005) at baseline. In Interferonfree treatment GT3 had significantly lower SVR rates than GT1(P = 0.016). Side effects were mild. CONCLUSION Excellent SVR12 rates and the favorable side-effect profile of DAA-combination therapy can be well translated into 'real-world'. Patients with advanced liver disease, signs of portal hypertension, especially with platelets < 100/n L and patients with GT3 are in special need for further research efforts to overcome comparatively higher rates of virological failure. | Christoph R Werner Julia M Schwarz Daniel P Egetemeyr Robert Beck Nisar P Malek Ulrich M Lauer Christoph P Berg | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，35： | 2 |
| 6 | Differential toxicity and environmental fates of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers显示文摘 | Willett K L Ulrich E M Hites R A | 1998 | Environ Sci Technol1998，32，15： | 2 |
| 7 | Voxel-based analyses of magnetization transfer imaging of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the spatial distribution of cerebral abnormalities in cirrhotic subjects with and without hepatic encephalopathy (HE) found with magnetization transfer imaging (MTI).METHODS: Nineteen cirrhotic patients graded from neurologically normal to HE grade 2 and 18 healthy control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging. They gave institutional-review-board-approved written consent. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps were generated from MTI. We tested for significant differences compared to the control group using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM) for a voxelbased evaluation.RESULTS: The MTR of grey and white matter was lower in subjects with more severe HE. Changes were found in patients with cirrhosis without neurological defi cits in the basal ganglia and bilateral white matter. The loss in magnetization transfer increased in severity and spatial extent in patients with overt HE. Patients with HE grade 2 showed an MTR decrease in white and grey matter: the maximum loss of magnetization transfer effect was located in the basal ganglia [SnPM (pseudo-)t = 17.98, P = 0.0001].CONCLUSION: The distribution of MTR changes in HE points to an early involvement of basal ganglia and white matter in HE. | Falk R Miese Hans-Jrg Wittsack Gerald Kircheis Arne Holstein Christian Mathys Ulrich Mdder Mathias Cohnen | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，41： | 2 |
| 8 | Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Senses and Translates Oxidative Stress into 12/15-Lipoxygenase Dependent- and AIF-Mediated Cell Death显示文摘 | Alexander Seiler Manuela Schneider Heidi F?rster Stephan Roth Eva K. Wirth Carsten Culmsee Nikolaus Plesnila Elisabeth Kremmer Olof R?dmark Wolfgang Wurst Georg W. Bornkamm Ulrich Schweizer Marcus Conrad | 2008 | Cell Metabolism2008，，3： | 2 |
| 9 | Interferon-γ inhibits ghrelin expression and secretion via a somatostatin-mediated mechanism显示文摘AIM:To investigate if and how the proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ(IFNγ) affects ghrelin expression in mice.METHODS:The plasma concentration of ghrelin,andgastric ghrelin and somatostatin expression,were examined in wild-type mice and mice infected with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).Furthermore,ghrelin expression was examined in two achlorhydric mouse models with varying degrees of gastritis due to bacterial overgrowth.To study the effect of IFNγ alone,mice were given a subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ for 7 d.Finally,the influence of IFNγ and somatostatin on the ghrelin promoter was characterized.RESULTS:H.pylori infection was associated with a 50% reduction in ghrelin expression and plasma concentration.Suppression of ghrelin expression was inversely correlated with gastric inflammation in achlorhdyric mouse models.Subcutaneous infusion of IFNγ suppressed fundic ghrelin mRNA expression and plasma ghrelin concentrations.Finally,we showed that the ghrelin promoter operates under the control of somatostatin but not under that of IFNγ.CONCLUSION:Gastric infection and inflammation is associated with increased IFNγ expression and reduced ghrelin expression.IFNγ does not directly control ghrelin expression but inhibits it indirectly via somatostatin. | Jesper AB Strickertsson Kristina BV DΦssing Anna JM Aabakke Hans-Olof Nilsson Thomas VO Hansen Ulrich Knigge Andreas Kjr Torkel Wadstrm Lennart Friis-Hansen | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，26： | 2 |
| 10 | Evidence for the involvement of spinal cord glia in subcutaneous formalin induced hyperalgesia in the rat显示文摘 | Watkins L R Martin D Ulrich P | 1997 | Pain1997，71，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of alendronate and intermittent parathyroid hormone on implant fi-xation in ovariectomized rats显示文摘 | Skripitz R Johansson HR Ulrich SD | 2009 | J Orthop Sci2009，14，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Measurement of index modulation along an optical fiber Bragg grating显示文摘 | Krug P A Stolte R Ulrich R | 1995 | Opt Lett1995，20，17： | 1 |
| 13 | Calibration of electrostatic discharge generators and results of an international comparison显示文摘 | Kurt H Heinrich R Ulrich H | 2001 | IEEE Trans on Instrumentation and Measurement2001，50，2： | 1 |
| 14 | The chemistry of fluorescent Bodipy dyes:Versatility unsurpassed 显示文摘 | Ulrich G Ziessel R Harriman A | 2008 | Angew Chem Int Ed2008，47，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Chemical changes due to acid precipitation in a loess-derived soil in central Europe显示文摘 | Ulrich B Mayer R R Khanna P K | 1980 | Soil Science1980，130，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Light - propagation and imaging in planar optical waveguide显示文摘 | Ulrich R | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 17 | Monitoring of atmospheric deposition in European forests and an overview on its implication on forest condition显示文摘 | Fisher R Mues V Ulrich E | 2007 | Applied Geochemistry2007，22，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Organically modified aluminosilicate mesostructures from block copolymer phases显示文摘 | TEMPLIN M FRANCK A DUCHESNE A LEIST H ZHANG Y M ULRICH R SCHADLER V WIESNER U | 1997 | Science1997，278，5344： | 1 |
| 19 | Evidence for the involvement of spinal cord glia in subcutaneous formalin induced hyperalgesia in the rat 显示文摘 | Watkins L R Martin D Ulrich P | 1997 | Pain1997，71，3： | 1 |
| 20 | The mechanism vertebrate non-homologous DNA end joining and its role in V(D)J recombination显示文摘 | YUNMEI M ULRICH P | 2004 | DNA Rep2004，3，8： | 1 |
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