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| 1 | Osteoclast fusion and regulation by RANKL-dependent and independent factors显示文摘Osteoclasts are the bone resorbing cells essential for bone remodeling.Osteoclasts are formed from hematopoietic progenitors in the monocyte/macrophage lineage.Osteoclastogenesis is composed of several steps including progenitor survival,differentiation to mononuclear pre-osteoclasts,fusion to multi-nuclear mature osteoclasts,and activation to bone resorbing osteoclasts.The regulation of osteoclastogenesis has been extensively studied,in which the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)-mediated signaling pathway and downstream transcription factors play essential roles.However,less is known about osteoclast fusion,which is a property of mature osteoclasts and is required for osteoclasts to resorb bone.Several proteins that affect cell fusion have been identified.Among them,dritic cell-specific transmembrane protein(DC-STAMP)is directly associated to osteoclast fusion in vivo.Cytokines and factors influence osteoclast fusion through regula-tion of DC-STAMP.Here we review the recently discovered new factors that regulate osteoclast fusion with specific focus on DC-STAMP.A better understanding of the mechanistic basis of osteoclast fusion will lead to the development of a new therapeutic strategy for bone disorders due to elevated osteoclast bone resorption.Cell-cell fusion is essential for a variety of cellular biological processes.In mammals,there is a limited number of cell types that fuse to form multinucleated cells,such as the fusion of myoblasts for the formation of skeletal muscle and the fusion of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage for the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and giant cells.In most cases,cellcell fusion is beneficial for cells by enhancing function.Myoblast fusion increases myofiber size and diameter and thereby increases contractile strength.Multinucleated osteoclasts have far more bone resorbing activity than their mono-nuclear counterparts.Multinucleated giant cells are much more efficient in the removal of implanted materials and bacteria due to chronic infection than macrophages.Therefore,they are also called foreign-body giant cells.Cell fusion is a complicated process involving cell migration,chemotaxis,cell-cell recognition and attachment,as well as changes into a fusion-competent status.All of these steps are regulated by multiple factors.In this review,we will discuss osteoclast fusion and regulation. | Lianping Xing Yan Xiu Brendan F Boyce | 2012 | World Journal of Orthopedics2012，3，12： | 14 |
| 2 | ZnO growth on Si with low-temperature ZnO buffer layers by ECR-assisted MBE显示文摘 | Xiu F X Yang Z Zhao D T | 2006 | Journal of Crystal Growth2006，286，： | 1 |
| 3 | Preparation, thermal and mechanical properties of POSS epoxy hybrid composites显示文摘 | Xiao F Sun Y Y Xiu Y H | 2007 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2007，104，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Increased induction of antitumor response by exosomes derived from interleukin-2 gene-modified tumor cells显示文摘 | Yang Y Xiu F Cai Z | 2007 | J Cancer Res Clin Oncol2007，133，6： | 1 |
| 5 | The Pollen cones of Ginkgo from the early cretaceous of China,and their bearing on the evolutionary significance显示文摘 | Xiu Q L Cheng S L Wang Y F | 2006 | Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society2006，152，： | 1 |
| 6 | 显示文摘 | Xiu Y H Xiao F HessDW Wong CP | 2009 | Thin solid films2009，517，： | 1 |
| 7 | A census of eddy activities in the South China Sea during 1993 - 2007 显示文摘 | Xiu P Chai F Shi L | 2010 | J Geophys Res2010，115，03： | 1 |
| 8 | Ultraviolet photoconductive detectors based on Ga-doped ZnO films grown by molecular beam epitaxy 显示文摘 | MANDALAPU L J XIU F YANG Z | 2007 | SolidState Electron2007，51，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Microstructures and thermoelectric properties of p-type pseudo-binary Bi-Sb-Te alloys with partial substitution of Ga for Sb prepared by spark plasma sintering显示文摘 | Cui J L Xue H F Xiu W J | 2006 | Materials Science and Engineering B2006，135，： | 1 |
| 10 | Hopf bifurcation and chaos analysis of a microbial continuous culture model with time delay 显示文摘 | Ma Y F Xiu Z L Sun L H | 2006 | International Journal of Nonlinear Scienc6es and Numerical Simulation2006，7，： | 1 |
| 11 | Synthesis and bioactivi- ty of highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays显示文摘 | Ming O L Xiu F X Rong F L | 2008 | Applied Surface Science2008，255，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Performance of struvite precipitation during pretreatment of raw landfill leachate and its biological validation 显示文摘 | Xiu F L Barnes D Jian C | 2011 | Environmental Chemistry Letters2011，9，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Stoichiometric analysis and experimental investigation of glycerol bioconversion to 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae under microrobic conditions Enzyme显示文摘 | Chen Xiu Z L Wang J F | 2003 | Microb Technol2003，33，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Fever range temperature promotes TLR4 expression and signaling in dendritic cells显示文摘 | Yan X Xiu F An H | 2007 | Life Sci2007，80，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Stoichiometric analy- sis and experimental investigation of glycerol biocon- version to 1, 3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae under microaerobic conditions显示文摘 | Chen X Xiu Z L Wang J F | 2003 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology2003，33，4： | 1 |
| 16 | 显示文摘 | Xiu Y H Xiao F Hess D W | 2009 | Thin Solid Films2009，517，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Antiviral activity of punicalagin toward human enterovirus 71 in vitro and in vivo显示文摘 | YANG Y J XIU J H ZHANG L F | 2012 | Phytomedicine2012，20，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Superhydrophobic optically transparent silica films formed with a eutectic liquid 显示文摘 | Xiu Y H Xiao F Hess D W Wong C P | 2009 | Thin solid films2009，517，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects of triacetyl shikimic acid in rats显示文摘 | Huang F Xiu Q | 2002 | Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology2002，39，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Oxidative stress induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to dielectric barrier discharge plasma in air at atmospheric pressure 显示文摘 | Chen H Bai F Xiu Z | 2010 | IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science2010，38，8： | 1 |
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