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| 1 | Dietary requirements of synthesizable amino acids by animals:a paradigm shift in protein nutrition显示文摘Amino acids are building blocks for proteins in all animals.Based on growth or nitrogen balance,amino acids were traditionally classified as nutritionally essential or nonessential for mammals,birds and fish.It was assumed that all the 'nutritionally nonessential amino acids(NEAA)' were synthesized sufficiently in the body to meet the needs for maximal growth and optimal health.However,careful analysis of the scientific literature reveals that over the past century there has not been compelling experimental evidence to support this assumption.NEAA(e.g.,glutamine,glutamate,proline,glycine and arginine) play important roles in regulating gene expression,cell signaling,antioxidative responses,fertility,neurotransmission,and immunity.Additionally,glutamate,glutamine and aspartate are major metabolic fuels for the small intestine to maintain its digestive function and to protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa.Thus,diets for animals must contain all NEAA to optimize their survival,growth,development,reproduction,and health.Furthermore,NEAA should be taken into consideration in revising the 'ideal protein' concept that is currently used to formulate swine and poultry diets.Adequate provision of all amino acids(including NEAA) in diets enhances the efficiency of animal production.In this regard,amino acids should not be classified as nutritionally essential or nonessential in animal or human nutrition.The new Texas A&M University's optimal ratios of dietary amino acids for swine and chickens are expected to beneficially reduce dietary protein content and improve the efficiency of their nutrient utilization,growth,and production performance. | Guoyao Wu | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，1： | 18 |
| 2 | L-谷氨酸的胃肠道保护作用机制及药物开发显示文摘L-谷氨酸是食物蛋白质的重要组成,在营养代谢、能量供应、免疫响应、氧化应激及信号通路调节等过程中发挥重要作用。近期研究发现,谷氨酸可预防非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)引起的胃肠道损伤,并可促进损伤的修复;可抑制幽门螺杆菌的定植、抑制NH_3引起的细胞凋亡,在非甾体抗炎药与幽门螺杆菌致消化道损伤与溃疡治疗中具有潜在的应用价值。本文对谷氨酸的代谢、生理作用,及其对非甾体抗炎药及幽门螺杆菌引起胃肠道损伤的保护机制进行了综述,以期为谷氨酸用于降低NSAIDs损伤及抗幽门螺杆菌致溃疡的相关药物研究开发提供参考。 | 房凤玲 丁劲松 | 2017 | 药学学报2017，52，4： | 14 |
| 3 | 5~8周龄京红蛋鸡饲粮蛋氨酸需要量的研究显示文摘旨在研究中国新培育的京红蛋鸡5~8周龄的蛋氨酸(Met)需要量。选取300只体重相近、健康的29日龄京红蛋鸡,随机分5个处理,饲粮Met水平分别为0.30%、0.37%、0.44%、0.51%和0.58%,每处理5个重复,每重复12只鸡。试验期28d。结果表明:1)饲粮Met水平未显著影响雏鸡平均日增重和采食量(P>0.05),但显著影响体重和料重比(P<0.05),其中0.44%Met组最佳(608.67g和3.13∶1);群体均匀度呈现二次曲线升高,0.37%Met组最佳(91.67%);显著影响胸肌指数、腿肌指数、胸宽和胫长(P<0.05),呈现二次曲线升高,0.44%Met组腿肌指数和胫长发育最好。2)饲粮Met水平显著影响了6周龄末雏鸡胸腺指数、脾脏指数和法氏囊指数(P<0.05);8周龄末饲粮蛋氨酸水平未显著影响雏鸡胸腺指数和法氏囊指数(P>0.05),显著影响了脾脏指数(P<0.05)。其中,0.44%Met组胸腺指数最大,0.37%Met组法氏囊指数达到最大。3)饲粮Met显著影响蛋鸡胰腺、十二指肠指数、空肠指数和空肠长度(P<0.05)。随饲粮Met水平升高,胰腺和肠道指标呈先升后降趋势。4)饲粮Met水平显著影响鸡血清尿酸和碱性磷酸酶水平(P<0.05),其中0.44%Met组碱性磷酸酶水平和尿酸显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);但饲粮Met水平未见显著影响鸡血清白蛋白、总蛋白、尿素氮水平(P>0.05)。5)通过对体重、料重比、群体均匀度、胸肌、腿肌、胫长和胸宽二次曲线拟合得出总蛋氨酸水平分别为0.43%、0.44%、0.38%、0.45%、0.43%、0.41%和0.40%,平均0.42%。综合鸡群增重、料重比、群体均匀度等经济指标、免疫指标、消化系统发育和血液生化指标,推荐5~8周龄京红蛋鸡饲粮蛋氨酸需要量为0.42%。 | 宋丹 李连彬 周梁 岳洪源 高玉鹏 武书庚 齐广海 | 2014 | 畜牧兽医学报2014，45，11： | 7 |
| 4 | Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratioes and sanitary conditions on performance, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma-free threonine and lysine of weaned pigs显示文摘Two 21 d-experiments were conducted to determine the optimum standardized ileal digestible(SID)threonine:lysine ratio(Thr:Lys) for weaned piglets reared under clean(Exp. 1) or unclean(Exp. 2) sanitary conditions and fed antibiotic-free diets. In each experiment, 90 mixed-sex pigs(Duroc × [Yorkshire × Landrace]; initial BW 7.2 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments each with 6 replicates(3 pigs per pen). The dietary treatments were 5 graded levels of SID Thr:Lys(55,59, 63, 67 and 71%). Diets were corn-wheat-soybean meal-based with a constant SID Lys of 1.18% that was set to be second limiting amino acid. In Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, plasma-free Thr increased(P = 0.05) with increasing dietary SID Thr:Lys. In Exp. 1, the SID Thr:Lys for gain-to-feed ratio(G:F) was optimized at 65%.In Exp. 2, the estimated optimal SID Thr:Lys for overall G:F was 66.5%. In conclusion, an average optimal SID Thr:Lys of 65 and 66.5% could be used to optimize feed efficiency for weaned pigs under clean and unclean sanitary conditions, respectively. | Balachandar Jayaraman John Htoo Charles Martin Nyachoti | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，4： | 6 |
| 5 | 含硫氨基酸对家禽营养和免疫应答影响研究进展显示文摘含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸)在动物健康和细胞功能方面都起到许多关键作用,被认为是一种功能性氨基酸,其通过参与和调节机体重要代谢通路来调节生长发育和繁殖性能,提高健康水平及生存质量。作为家禽日粮的第一性限制氨基酸——蛋氨酸,对家禽的生产及繁殖性能、免疫应答影响显著。本文对含硫氨基酸对鸡和鹅的营养作用及免疫应答的影响进行了阐述。 | 王清玲 李红云 | 2017 | 现代畜牧兽医2017，，3： | 5 |
| 6 | 早期断奶对仔猪空肠和回肠兴奋性氨基酸载体1表达的影响显示文摘本试验旨在研究仔猪出生后10~20 d,早期断奶仔猪小肠谷氨酸转运载体基因表达情况与哺乳仔猪的差异。试验分别从40头不同母猪的仔猪中各选出体重相近,10日龄的"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪1头,共40头仔猪,随机不配对分为2组,每组20头仔猪,对照组(哺乳组)为哺乳仔猪,随母猪喂养;试验组(断奶组)为断奶仔猪,隔离断奶饲养;试验期10 d。饲养结束,每组随机取12只仔猪,宰杀取空肠和回肠,测定谷氨酸转运载体兴奋性氨基酸转运载体1(EAAC1)蛋白质表达情况和游离氨基酸含量。结果显示,断奶显著降低了仔猪空肠和回肠EAAC1(57和73 ku)及其相关蛋白谷氨酸转运联合蛋白(GTRAP3-18)(50 ku)的蛋白质和mRNA表达量(P〈0.05)。断奶提高了仔猪空肠游离谷氨酸和总氨基酸含量,却降低了仔猪回肠游离谷氨酸和总氨基酸含量,差异显著(P〈0.05)。结果提示,早期断奶降低EAAC1和GTRAP3-18的蛋白质含量,这可能与早期断奶仔猪遭受营养谷氨酸缺乏导致的肠道氨基酸吸收转运障碍有关。 | 崔一喆 王秋菊 苏景 李悦 周亚强 陈玲 | 2016 | 动物营养学报2016，28，2： | 3 |
| 7 | 谷氨酰胺在早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎预防性应用中的研究进展显示文摘坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是早产儿最常见的急性和致死性消化道急症之一,其主要表现为腹胀、便血等,严重者可出现肠穿孔甚至败血症。目前,NEC的病因及发病机制尚未明确,有研究发现肠黏膜屏障损害可能与其发病有关,谷氨酰胺(Gln)作为人体所需的条件必需氨基酸,在维持肠黏膜完整性,减少肠黏膜受损、缺血坏死中具有不可替代的作用,本文就谷氨酰胺在早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的预防性应用作一综述。 | 张海建(综述) 朱明哲(审校) | 2021 | 中国儿童保健杂志2021，29，3： | 1 |
| 8 | 中西医结合治疗头颅血肿48例显示文摘 | 王新梅 安科华 金仙玉 | 2000 | 中医药学报2000，28，2： | 0 |
| 9 | 肠道菌群在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肌少症中的机制探讨显示文摘肌少症在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病人群中患病率较高,与慢性阻塞性肺疾病密切相关。两者共存不仅损害患者身心健康,还增加了临床治疗的难度。现代医学对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肌少症的发病机制研究较少,临床治疗也以对症处理为主,以缓解症状、减少COPD急性发作次数为目的。对于老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肌少症临床共病之间可能存在内在联系,但目前对该合并症关注不足。随着生物技术的不断进步,肠道菌群的作用在许多慢性疾病的发病机制中越来越受到重视。有研究表明,老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肠道菌群存在明显失衡,而肌少症的发生也与肠道菌群关系较为密切。本文通过探讨肠道菌群与老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肌少症之间的相互关系,分析肠道菌群的失衡可能是导致老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肌少症的关键因素之一,提出以微生态疗法调节肠道菌群失衡,可能成为临床防治老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肌少症的一种新途径。 | 马娇娇 夏晓黎 王亚锋 马艳萍 刘文慧 | 2024 | 中国医学创新2024，21，4： | 0 |
| 10 | Review:Do Horses Receive Optimum Amounts of Glutamine in Their Diets?显示文摘In some species of growing mammals glutamine is an essential amino acid that,if inadequate in the diet,is needed for normal growth and development.It is thus sometimes considered to be a conditionally essential amino acid in some species.A review of studies that have measured L-glutamine concentrations([glutamine])in horses demonstrates that plasma[glutamine]has routinely been reported to be much lower(~330μmol/L)than in other mammals(>600μmol/L).Plasma[glutamine]represents the balance between intestinal transport into the blood after hepatic first pass,tissue synthesis and cellular extraction.The hypothesis is proposed that sustained low plasma[glutamine]represents a chronic state of sub-optimal glutamine intake and glutamine synthesis that does not meet the requirements for optimum health.While this may be without serious consequence in feral and sedentary horses,there is evidence that provision of supplemental dietary glutamine ameliorates a number of health consequences,particularly in horses with elevated metabolic demands.The present review provides evidence that glutamine is very important(and perhaps essential)for intestinal epithelial cells in mammals including horses,that horses with low plasma[glutamine]represents a sub-optimal state of well-being,and that horses supplemented with glutamine exhibit physiological and health benefits. | Michael I.Lindinger | 2020 | Veterinary Science Research2020，2，1： | 0 |
| 11 | 早期补饲开食料对羔羊空肠黏膜形态及微生物菌群区系的影响显示文摘旨在研究早期补饲开食料对羔羊空肠黏膜形态及微生物菌群区系的影响。选取12只体重相近、胎次一致的10日龄羔羊(湖羊),随机平均分为2组,母乳组(M)和补饲开食料组(M+S)。羔羊在56日龄时,空腹称量体重,晨饲3 h后屠宰采样,取一段空肠黏膜组织用于形态学分析及微生物16S rRNA测序。结果显示:与M组相比,M+S组羔羊的体增重、小肠重量均有降低的趋势(0.050.05)。M组与M+S组羔羊的空肠黏膜微生物α多样性无显著差异(P>0.05)。2组羔羊空肠黏膜微生物测序共检测到16个门,其中拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门是优势菌门。与M组羔羊相比,M+S组羔羊的浮游菌门(P=0.028)和梭杆菌门(P=0.014)的相对丰度显著降低,迷踪菌门的相对丰度有下降趋势(P=0.053)。在属水平上检测到296个属,其中普氏菌属和乳杆菌属为优势菌属。与M组羔羊相比,M+S组羔羊梭菌目的相对丰度(P=0.007)极显著降低,乳杆菌属(P=0.071)、瘤胃球菌科(P=0.071)和克里斯滕森科(P=0.053)的相对丰度有下降趋势。结果表明:早期补饲开食料对羔羊的负面作用降低了羔羊的生产性能,并导致了羔羊空肠黏膜微生物菌群区系发生改变,该结果将为开食料在幼龄反刍动物中的合理应用提供理论依据。 | 边高瑞 王璐 孙大明 邓凯东 | 2023 | 畜牧与兽医2023，55，2： | 0 |
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