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| 1 | Controlled low central venous pressure reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements in hepatectomy显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of low central venous pressure(LCVP)on blood loss and blood transfusion in patients undergoing hepatectomy.METHODS:Electronic databases and bibliography lists were searched for potential articles.A meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating LCVP in hepatectomy was performed.The following three outcomes were analyzed:blood loss,blood transfusion and duration of operation.RESULTS:Five RCTs including 283 patients were assessed.Meta-analysis showed that blood loss in the LCVP group was significantly less than that in the control group(MD=-391.95,95%CI:-559.35--224.56,P<0.00001).In addition,blood transfusion in the LCVP group was also significantly less than that in the control group(MD=-246.87,95%CI:-427.06--66.69,P=0.007).The duration of operation in the LCVP group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(MD=-18.89,95%CI:-35.18--2.59,P=0.02).Most studies found no significant difference in renal and liver function between the two groups.CONCLUSION:Controlled LCVP is a simple and effective technique to reduce blood loss and blood transfusion during liver resection,and appears to have no detrimental effects on liver and renal function. | Zhi Li Yu-Ming Sun Fei-Xiang Wu Li-Qun Yang Zhi-Jie Lu Wei-Feng Yu | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，1： | 60 |
| 2 | 基于改进Faster R-CNN识别深度视频图像哺乳母猪姿态显示文摘猪舍场景下,昼夜交替光线变化、热灯光照影响,及仔猪与母猪的粘连等因素,给全天候哺乳母猪姿态自动识别带来很大困难。该文以深度视频图像为数据源,提出基于改进Faster R-CNN的哺乳母猪姿态识别算法。将残差结构引入ZF网络,设计ZF-D2R网络,以提高识别精度并保持实时性;将Center Loss监督信号引入Faster R-CNN训练中,以增强类内特征的内聚性,提升识别精度。对28栏猪的视频图像抽取站立、坐立、俯卧、腹卧和侧卧5类姿态共计7 541张图像作为训练集,另取5类姿态的5 000张图像作为测试集。该文提出的改进模型在测试集上对哺乳母猪的站立、坐立、俯卧、腹卧和侧卧5类姿态的识别平均准确率分别达到96.73%、94.62%、86.28%、89.57%和99.04%,5类姿态的平均准确率均值达到93.25%。在识别精度上,比ZF网络和层数更深的VGG16网络的平均准确率均值分别提高了3.86和1.24个百分点。识别速度为0.058 s/帧,比VGG16网络速度提高了0.034 s。该文方法在提高识别精度的同时保证了实时性,可为全天候母猪行为识别提供技术参考。 | 薛月菊 朱勋沐 郑婵 毛亮 杨阿庆 涂淑琴 黄宁 杨晓帆 陈鹏飞 张南峰 | 2018 | 农业工程学报2018，34，9： | 45 |
| 3 | Why Lake Taihu continues to be plagued with cyanobacterial blooms through 10 years(2007–2017) efforts显示文摘With the expansion of urban, industry, and agriculture after World War II, eutrophication firstly emerged as a major water quality threat in small water bodies [1]. As the increasing magnitudes and scales of nutrient pollution and habitat alteration, many of the world's large lakes exhibit symptoms of eutrophication, e.g., toxic cyanobacterial blooms, deoxygenation, and habitat loss. | Boqiang Qin Hans W.Paerl Justin D.Brookes Jianguo Liu Erik Jeppesen Guangwei Zhu Yunlin Zhang Hai Xu Kun Shi Jianming Deng | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，6： | 50 |
| 4 | Colorectal cancer tumour markers and biomarkers:Recenttherapeutic advances显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among females and third among males worldwide. It also contributes significantly to cancer-related deaths, despite the continuous progress in diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Biomarkers currently play an important role in the detection and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Risk stratification for screening might be augmented by finding new biomarkers which alone or as a complement of existing tests might recognize either the predisposition or early stage of the disease. Biomarkers have also the potential to change diagnostic and treatment algorithms by selecting the proper chemotherapeutic drugs across a broad spectrum of patients. There are attempts to personalise chemotherapy based on presence or absence of specific biomarkers. In this review, we update review published last year and describe our understanding of tumour markers and biomarkers role in CRC screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Goal of future research is to identify those biomarkers that could allow a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnosis, as well as to recognise the best prognostic panel and define the predictive biomarkers for available treatments. | Gustaw Lech Robert Słotwiński Maciej Słodkowski Ireneusz Wojciech Krasnodębski | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，5： | 33 |
| 5 | China's wetland change (1990-2000) determined by remote sensing显示文摘Two wetland maps for the entire China have been produced based on Landsat data acquired around 1990 and 2000. Wetlands in China have been divided into 3 broad categories with 15 sub-categories except rice fields. In 1990, the total wetland area in China was 355208 km2 whereas in 2000 it dropped to 304849 km2 with a net loss of 50360 km2. During an approximate 10-year period, inland wetland reduced from 318326 to 257922 km2, coastal wetland dropped from 14335 to 12015 km2, while artificial wetland increased from 22546 to 34911 km2. The greatest natural wetland loss occurred in Heilongjiang, Inner Mon- golia, and Jilin with a total loss of over 57000 km2 of wetland. In western China, over 13000 km2 of wetlands were newly formed in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Qinghai. About 12000 km2 of artificial wetlands were also added for fish farm and reservoir constructions. The newly formed wetlands in western China were caused primarily by climate warming over that region whereas the newly created artificial wetlands were caused by economic developments. China’s wetland loss is caused mainly by human activities. | Peng Gong ZhenGuo Niu Xiao Cheng KuiYi Zhao DeMin Zhou JianHong Guo Lu Liang XiaoFeng Wang DanDan Li HuaBing Huang et al. | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，7： | 28 |
| 6 | Optimal central venous pressure during partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND:Low central venous pressure(CVP) affects hemodynamic stability and tissue perfusion.This prospective study aimed to evaluate the optimal CVP during partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:Ninety-seven patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC had their CVP controlled at a level of 0 to 5 mmHg during hepatic parenchymal transection.The systolic blood pressure(SBP) was maintained,if possible,at 90 mmHg or higher.Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 90 patients(92.8%) and cirrhosis in 84 patients(86.6%).Pringle maneuver was used routinely in these patients with clamp/unclamp cycles of 15/5 minutes.The average clamp time was 21.4±8.0 minutes.These patients were divided into 5 groups based on the CVP:group A:0-1 mmHg;B:1.1-2 mmHg;C:2.1-3 mmHg;D:3.1-4 mmHg and E:4.1-5 mmHg.The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection and the arterial blood gas before and after liver transection were analyzed.RESULTS:With active fluid load,a constant SBP ≥90 mmHg which was considered as optimal was maintained in 18.6% in group A(95% CI:10.8%-26.3%);39.2% in group B(95% CI:29.5%-48.9%);72.2% in group C(95% CI:63.2%-81.1%);89.7% in group D(95% CI:83.6%-95.7%);and 100% in group E(95% CI:100%-100%).The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection decreased with a decrease in CVP.Compared to groups D and E,blood loss in groups A,B and C was significantly less(analysis of variance test,P<0.05).Compared with the baseline,the blood oxygenation decreased significantly when the CVP was reduced.Base excess and HCO 3-in groups A and B were significantly decreased compared with those in groups C,D and E(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In consideration of blood loss,SBP,base excess and HCO 3-,a CVP of 2.1-3 mmHg was optimal in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for HCC. | Cheng-Xin Lin Ya Guo Wan Yee Lau Guang-Ying Zhang Yi-Ting Huang Wen-Zheng He Eric CH Lai | 2013 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2013，12，5： | 19 |
| 7 | 改进的XGBoost在不平衡数据处理中的应用研究显示文摘传统分类器在处理不平衡数据时,往往会倾向于保证多数类的准确率而牺牲少数类的准确率,导致少数类的误分率较高。针对这一问题,提出一种面向二分类不平衡数据的XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)改进方法。其主要思想是分别从数据、特征以及算法3个层面针对不平衡数据的特点进行改进。首先在数据层面,通过条件生成式对抗网络(Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets,CGAN)学习少数类样本的分布信息,训练生成器生成少数类补充样本,调节数据的不平衡性;其次在特征层面,先利用XGBoost进行特征组合生成新的特征,再通过最大相关最小冗余(minimal Redundancy-Maximal Relevance,mRMR)算法筛选出更适合不平衡数据分类的特征子集;最后在算法层面,引入针对不平衡数据分类问题的焦点损失函数(Focal Loss)来改进XGBoost,改进后的XGBoost通过新的数据集训练得到最终模型。在实验阶段,选择G-mean和AUC作为评价指标,6组KEEL数据集上的实验结果验证了所提改进方法的可行性;同时将该方法与现有的4种不平衡分类模型进行比较,实验结果表明所提改进方法具有较好的分类效果。 | 宋玲玲 王时绘 杨超 盛潇 | 2020 | 计算机科学2020，47，6： | 18 |
| 8 | Beneficial effects of antidepressant mirtazapine in functional dyspepsia patients with weight loss显示文摘AIM: To explore the effects and mechanism of action of antidepressant mirtazapine in functional dyspepsia(FD) patients with weight loss.METHODS: Sixty depressive FD patients with weight loss were randomly divided into a mirtazapine group(MG), a paroxetine group(PG) or a conventional therapy group(CG) for an 8-wk clinical trial. Adverse effects and treatment response were recorded. The Nepean Dyspepsia Index-symptom(NDSI) checklist and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression(HAMD-17) were used to evaluate dyspepsia and depressive symptoms, respectively. The body composition analyzer was used to measure body weight and fat. Serum hormone levels were measured by ELISA.RESULTS:(1) After 2 wk of treatment, NDSI scores were significantly lower for the MG than for the PG and CG;(2) After 4 or 8 wk of treatment, HAMD-17 scores were significantly lower for the MG and PG than for the CG;(3) After 8 wk of treatment, patients in the MG experienced a weight gain of 3.58 ± 1.57 kg, which was significantly higher than that observed for patients in the PG and CG. Body fat increased by 2.77 ± 0.14kg, the body fat ratio rose by 4%, and the visceral fat area increased by 7.56 ± 2.25 cm2; and(4) For the MG, serum hormone levels of ghrelin, neuropeptide Y(NPY), motilin(MTL) and gastrin(GAS) were significantly upregulated; in contrast, those of leptin, 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and cholecystokinin(CCK) were significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION: Mirtazapine not only alleviates symptoms associated with dyspepsia and depression linked to FD in patients with weight loss but also significantly increases body weight(mainly the visceral fat in body fat). The likely mechanism of mirtazapine action is regulation of brain-gut or gastrointestinal hormone levels. | Shu-Man Jiang Lin Jia Jing Liu Man-Man Shi Ming-Zhi Xu | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，22： | 18 |
| 9 | Impact of intraoperative blood loss on survival after curative resection for gastric cancer显示文摘AIM:To elucidate the potential impact of intraoperative blood loss(IBL)on long-term survival of gastric cancer patients after curative surgery.METHODS:A total of 845 stageⅠ-Ⅲgastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2003 and December 2007 in our center were enrolled in this study.Patients were divided into 3groups according to the amount of IBL:group 1(<200mL),group 2(200-400 mL)and group 3(>400 mL).Clinicopathological features were compared among the three groups and potential prognostic factors were analyzed.The Log-rank test was used to assess statistical differences between the groups.Independent prognostic factors were identified by the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Stratified analysis was used to investigate the impact of IBL on survival in each stage.Cancer-specific survival was also compared among the three groups by excluding deaths due to reasons other than gastric cancer.Finally,we explored the possible factors associated with IBL and identified the independent risk factors for IBL≥200 mL.RESULTS:Overall survival was significantly influenced by the amount of IBL.The 5-year overall survival rates were 51.2%,39.4%and 23.4%for IBL less than 200mL,200 to 400 mL and more than 400 mL,respectively(<200 mL vs 200-400 mL,P<0.001;200-400 mL vs>400 mL,P=0.003).Age,tumor size,Borrmann type,extranodal metastasis,tumour-node-metastasis(TNM)stage,chemotherapy,extent of lymphadenectomy,IBL and postoperative complications were found to be independent prognostic factors in multivariable analysis.Following stratified analysis,patients staged TNMⅠ-Ⅱand those with IBL less than 200 mL tended to have better survival than those with IBL not less than 200mL,while patients staged TNMⅢ,whose IBL was less than 400 mL had better survival.Tumor location,tumor size,TNM stage,type of gastrectomy,combined organ resection,extent of lymphadenectomy and year of surgery were found to be factors associated with the amount of IBL,while tumor location,type of gastrectomy,combined organ resection and year of surgery were independently associated with IBL≥200 mL.CONCLUSION:IBL is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer after curative resection.Reducing IBL can improve the long-term outcome of gastric cancer patients following curative gastrectomy. | Yue-Xiang Liang Han-Han Guo Jing-Yu Deng Bao-Gui Wang Xue-Wei Ding Xiao-Na Wang Li Zhang Han Liang | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，33： | 14 |
| 10 | Extracellular vesicles from human urine-derived stem cells prevent osteoporosis by transferring CTHRC1 and OPG显示文摘Osteoporosis is a debilitating bone disease affecting millions of people. Here, we used human urine-derived stem cells(USCs),which were noninvasively harvested from unlimited and easily available urine, as a 'factory' to obtain extracellular vesicles(USCEVs) and demonstrated that the systemic injection of USC-EVs effectively alleviates bone loss and maintains bone strength in osteoporotic mice by enhancing osteoblastic bone formation and suppressing osteoclastic bone resorption. More importantly, the anti-osteoporotic properties of USC-EVs are not notably disrupted by the age, gender, or health condition(with or without osteoporosis) of the USC donor. Mechanistic studies determined that collagen triple-helix repeat containing 1(CTHRC1) and osteoprotegerin(OPG) proteins are enriched in USC-EVs and required for USC-EV-induced pro-osteogenic and anti-osteoclastic effects. Our results suggest that autologous USC-EVs represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for osteoporosis by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by transferring CTHRC1 and OPG. | Chun-Yuan Chen Shan-Shan Rao Yi-Juan Tan Ming-Jie Luo Xiong-Ke Hu Hao Yin Jie Huang Yin Hu Zhong-Wei Luo Zheng-Zhao Liu Zhen-Xing Wang Jia Cao Yi-Wei Liu Hong-Ming Li Yang Chen Wei Du Jiang-Hua Liu Yan Zhang Tuan-Hui Chen Hao-Ming Liu Ben Wu Tao Yue Yi-Yi Wang Kun Xia Peng-Fei Lei Si-Yuan Tang Hui Xie | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 14 |
| 11 | Deletion of chromosomes 9p and 17 associated with abnormal expression of p53, p16/MTS1 and p15/MTS2 gene protein in hepatocellular carcinomas显示文摘Fifteen loci on chromosome 9p and 17 were analyzed to clarify the involvement of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chinese patients positive for hepatitis B (HBV) and/or hepatitis C (HCV) infection Expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) of p53, p16, and p15 gene was found to correlate with a deletion of these genes Methods Immunohistochemistry and PCR-based microsatellite polymorphism analysis techniques were used Results A high frequency of LOH was detected on chromosome 9p24 at locus D9S54 (61 8%) and 9p21, concentrated at loci D9S1747 (52 4%) and D9S1752 (51 8%) On chromosome 17, high frequent LOH was concentrated on 17p at the p53 gene locus (53 8%) and locus D17S520 (52 8%) p53 protein expression was increased in HCC, which correlated with p53 gene loss Expression of p16 and p15 protein decreased in HCC when LOH occurred at locus D9S1752 (p15 gene locus) or at locus D9S1747 and D9S1748 (p16 gene is located between these 2 loci) LOH at the p53 gene and p15 gene loci was closely associated with HBV and HCV co-infection in HCC No significant relationship between LOH and HCC clinico-pathological outcomes was observed Conclusion High frequency LOH occurs on chromosomes 9p and 17 in HCC in Chinese patients Such sites may contain several putative tumor suppressor genes critically involved in the development and/or progression of HCC Deletion of p53, p16, or p15 tumor suppressor genes may cause abnormal expression of the protein product of these genes HBV and/or HCV infection may be closely associated with LOH p53 and/or p15 gene | 邵建永 李宇红 李晓明 吴秋良 侯景辉 刘宗石 | 2000 | Chinese Medical Journal2000，，9： | 13 |
| 12 | POLYMER CHARGE AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT EFFECTS ON TREATED IRRIGATION FURROW PROCESSES显示文摘Application of 5-10 mg L-1 water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to furrow irrigation water during flow advance substantially reduces sediment loss and increases net infiltration. We hypothesized that PAM_s solvated molecular conformation influences its irrigation-management efficacy. The study was conducted in Kimberly, Idaho, on Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids), under furrowirrigated beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) at a 1.5% slope. Polyacrylamides with contrasting molecular weight (anionic; 4-7, 12- 15 and 14-17 MDa, i.e. Mg mol-1 ), charge type (neutral, anionic, cationic), and charge density (8, 19, 35 mol %) were tested in two studies. Inflow rate was 23 L min-1 during furrow advance, and 15 L min-1 for the remaining set. Anionic and neutral PAMs were twice as effective as cationic PAMs for controlling sediment loss in new furrows. The order of effectiveness for overall soilloss control was : anionic >neutral >cationic PAM, and efficacy increased with increasing charge density and/or molecular weight. Net furrow infiltration increased by 14 to 19% when PAM treatment molecular weight was reduced from 17 to 4 MDa. General trends suggested that medium and high charge density anionic and neutral PAM produced the greatest increase in infiltration compared with controls.Compared with untreated furrows, neutral PAM gave the greatest season-long net infiltration gains (5%),while charged PAMs tended to increase net infiltration early in the season on new furrows but decreased infiltration on repeat-irrigated furrows later in the season. | R. D. Lentz(USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID)R. E. Sojka (Landcare Research, New Zealand, Ltd, Palmerston North, New ZealandNote: The manucript of this paper was received in March 1999, Discussion open until March | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，1： | 13 |
| 13 | Effects of biochar-based fertilizers on nutrient leaching in a tobacco-planting soil显示文摘Biochar is a soil amendment for increasing soil quality and decreasing nutrient leaching. However, there is little information on the impact of biochar-based fertilizer(BF) on soil nutrient leaching in agricultural soils. We conducted a soil column leaching experiment to study the effects of BF on the leaching of total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus, and total potassium(TK) in tobacco soils. The distribution characteristics of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in soil profiles were analyzed after the application of BF. Biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of fluecured tobacco stems. It was applied at four levels, 0%, 3%,9%, and 15%(w/w), respectively, to the compound fertilizer. Compared with the control, the leaching loss of soil TN decreased by 8.36%, 6.72%, and 6.45%, and the loss of soil TK decreased by 9.18%, 9.31% and 11.82% in the 3%,9%, and 15% BF treatments, respectively. However, BF had no significant effect on the P leaching due to the low movement of P in the soil profile. In addition, the BF addition increased the immobilization of NH_4^+-N, available P, and available K in the soil profile. These results indicate that addition of BF to a tobacco-planting soil reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that BF could be an effective method of applying biochar to agriculture fields. | Yunlong Li Jianzhong Cheng Xinqing Lee Yi Chen Weichang Gao Wenjie Pan Yuan Tang | 2019 | Acta Geochimica2019，38，1： | 13 |
| 14 | Perioperative blood management strategies for patients undergoing total knee replacement:Where do we stand now?显示文摘Total knee replacement(TKR) is one of the most common surgeries over the last decade. Patients undergoing TKR are at high risk for postoperative anemia and furthermore for allogeneic blood transfusions(ABT). Complications associated with ABT including chills, rigor, fever, dyspnea, light-headedness should be early recognized in order to lead to a better prognosis. Therefore, perioperative blood management program should be adopted with main aim to reduce the risk of blood transfusion while maximizing hemoglobin simultaneously. Many blood conservation strategies have been attempted including preoperative autologous blood donation, acute normovolemic haemodilution, autologous blood transfusion, intraoperative cell saver, drain clamping, pneumatic tourniquet application, and the use of tranexamic acid. For practical and clinical reasons we will try to classify these strategies in three main stages/pillars: Pre-operative optimization, intra-operative and post-operative protocols. The aim of this work is review the strategies currently in use and reports our experience regarding the perioperative blood management strategies in TKR. | Tzatzairis Themistoklis Vogiatzaki Theodosia Kazakos Konstantinos Drosos I Georgios | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，6： | 13 |
| 15 | Timing and splitting of nitrogen fertilizer supply to increase crop yield and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in a wheat–peanut relay intercropping system in China显示文摘Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping systems are a mainstay of economic and food security in China. We performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of N fertilizer on N recovery efficiency, crop yield, and N loss rate in wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during 2015–2017. The N was applied on the day before sowing, the jointing stage(G30) or the booting stage(G40) of winter wheat, and the anthesis stage(R1) of peanut in the following percentage splits: 50-50-0-0(N1), 35-35-0-30(N2), and 35-0-35-30(N3), using 300 kg N ha-1, with 0 kg N ha-1(N0) as control. ^(15)N-labeled(20.14 atom %) urea was used to trace the fate of N in microplots. The yields of wheat and peanut increased by 12.4% and 15.4% under the N2 and N3 treatments, relative to those under the N1 treatment. The ^(15)N recovery efficiencies( ^(15)NRE) were 64.9% and 58.1% for treatments N2 and N3, significantly greater than that for the N1 treatment(45.3%). The potential N loss rates for the treatments N2 and N3 were23.7% and 7.0%, significantly lower than that for treatment N1(30.1%). Withholding N supply until the booting stage(N3) did not reduce the wheat grain yield; however, it increased the N content derived from ^(15)N-labeled urea in peanuts, promoted the distribution of ^(15)N to pods, and ultimately increased pod yields in comparison with those obtained by topdressing N at jointing stage(N2). In comparison with N2, the N uptake and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of N3 was increased by 12.0% and 24.1%,respectively, while the apparent N loss decreased by 16.7%. In conclusion, applying N fertilizer with three splits and delaying topdressing fertilization until G40 of winter wheat increased total grain yields and NRE and reduced N loss. This practice could be an environment-friendly N management strategy for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China. | Zhaoxin Liu Fang Gao Yan Liu Jianqun Yang Xiaoyu Zhen Xinxin Li Ying Li Jihao Zhao Jinrong Li Bichang Qian Dongqing Yang Xiangdong Li | 2019 | The Crop Journal2019，7，1： | 12 |
| 16 | Positioning patients for spine surgery: Avoiding uncommon position-related complications显示文摘Positioning patients for spine surgery is pivotal for optimal operating conditions and operative-site exposure. During spine surgery, patients are placed in positions that are not physiologic and may lead to complications. Perioperative peripheral nerve injury(PPNI) and postoperative visual loss(POVL) are rare complications related to patient positioning during spine surgery that result in significant patient disability and functional loss. PPNI is usually due to stretch or compression of the peripheral nerve. PPNI may present as a brachial plexus injury or as an isolated injury of single nerve, most commonly the ulnar nerve. Understanding the etiology, mechanism and pattern of injury with each type of nerve injury is important for the prevention of PPNI. Intraoperative neuromonitoring has been used to detect peripheral nerve conduction abnormalities indicating peripheral nerve stress under general anesthesia and to guide modification of the upper extremity position to prevent PPNI. POVL usually results in permanent visual loss. Most cases are associated with prolonged spine procedures in the prone position under general anesthesia. The most common causes of POVL after spine surgery are ischemic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion. Posterior ischemic opticneuropathy is the most common cause of POVL after spine surgery. It is important for spine surgeons to be aware of POVL and to participate in safe, collaborative perioperative care of spine patients. Proper education of perioperative staff, combined with clear communication and collaboration while positioning patients in the operating room is the best and safest approach. The prevention of uncommon complications of spine surgery depends primarily on identifying high-risk patients, proper positioning and optimal intraoperative management of physiological parameters. Modification of risk factors extrinsic to the patient may help reduce the incidence of PPNI and POVL. | Ihab Kamel Rodger Barnette | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，4： | 12 |
| 17 | Use of blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and surveillance of colorectal cancer显示文摘Early screening for colorectal cancer(CRC) holds the key to combat and control the increasing global burden of CRC morbidity and mortality. However, the current available screening modalities are severely inadequate because of their high cost and cumbersome preparatory procedures that ultimately lead to a low participation rate. People simply do not like to have colonoscopies. It would be ideal, therefore, to develop an alternative modality based on blood biomarkers as the first line screening test. This will allow for the differentiation of the general population from high risk individuals. Colonoscopy would then become the secondary test, to further screen the high risk segment of the population. This will encourage participation and therefore help to reach the goal of early detection and thereby reduce the anticipated increasing global CRC incidence rate. A blood-based screening test is anappealing alternative as it is non-invasive and poses minimal risk to patients. It is easy to perform, can be repeated at shorter intervals, and therefore would likely lead to a much higher participation rate. This review surveys various blood-based test strategies currently under investigation, discusses the potency of what is available, and assesses how new technology may contribute to future test design. | Ganepola AP Ganepola Joel Nizin John R Rutledge David H Chang | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，4： | 11 |
| 18 | Long-lasting discussion: Adverse effects of intraoperative blood loss and allogeneic transfusion on prognosis of patients with gastric cancer显示文摘Gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection is the most promising treatment avenue for patients with gastric cancer. However, this procedure sometimes induces excessive intraoperative blood loss and requires perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. There are lasting discussions and controversies about whether intraoperative blood loss or perioperative blood transfusion has adverse effects on the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. We reviewed laboratory and clinical evidence of these associations in patients with gastric cancer. A large amount of clinical evidence supports the correlation between excessive intraoperative blood loss and adverse effects on the prognosis. The laboratory evidence revealed three possible causes of such adverse effects: anti-tumor immunosuppression, unfavorable postoperative conditions, and peritoneal recurrence by spillage of cancer cells into the pelvis. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested the adverse effects of perioperative blood transfusions on prognostic parameters such as all-cause mortality, recurrence, and postoperative complications. There are two possible causes of adverse effects of blood transfusions on the prognosis: Anti-tumor immunosuppression and patient-related confounding factors (e.g., preoperative anemia). These factors are associated with a worse prognosis and higher requirement for perioperative blood transfusions. Surgeons should make efforts to minimize intraoperative blood loss and transfusions during gastric cancer surgery to improve patients’ prognosis. | Koki Nakanishi Mitsuro Kanda Yasuhiro Kodera | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，22： | 11 |
| 19 | 突发性聋伴耳鸣患者治疗前后耳鸣残疾量表和视觉模拟量表比较及相关性显示文摘突发性聋伴耳鸣的发病率较高,多数耳呜患者可伴情绪紧张和疲劳,这成为众多临床医师工作中需要解决的问题。耳呜作为一种主观感受,缺乏客观有效的检测手段。国外应用于评价耳呜的最常用量表主要有耳鸣残疾量表(tinnitus handicap inventory,THI)和视觉模拟量表(visual-analoguescale,VAS)。 | 王培 邱泽恒 陈玲 甘小玲 余佳莹 | 2014 | 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2014，21，6： | 11 |
| 20 | The potential of miR-183 family expression in inner ear for regeneration,treatment,diagnosis and prognosis of hearing loss显示文摘miRNA-183 family, in normal biology, is expressed in a harmonious and stable manner in the neurosensory organs and cells. Studies have also shown that miRNA-183 family, in different pathways, affects the neurosensory development, maintenance, survival and function. In addition, it has potential neuroprotective effects in response to neurosensory destructive stimulations. miRNA-96 mutation causes hereditary deafness in humans and mice, and therefore affects the inner ear activity and its maintenance. Certain roles have been identified for mi R-96 in the maintenance and function of the inner ear. The comparison of the target genes of family-183 in transcriptomes of newborn and adult hair cells shows that hundreds of target genes in this family may affect development and maintenance of the ears. Identifying the genes that are regulated by miRNA-183 family provides researchers with important information about the complex development and environmental regulation of the inner ear, and can offer new approaches to the maintenance and regeneration of hair cells and auditory nerve. | Mohammad-Reza Mahmoodian-sani Ameneh Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi | 2017 | Journal of Otology2017，12，2： | 11 |
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