Timing and splitting of nitrogen fertilizer supply to increase crop yield and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in a wheat–peanut relay intercropping system in China

查看全文 作　　者：Zhaoxin [1,2]Liu;Fang [1,2]Gao;Yan [1,2]Liu;Jianqun [1,2]Yang;Xiaoyu [1,2]Zhen;Xinxin [1,2]Li;Ying [1,2]Li;Jihao [1,2]Zhao;Jinrong [1,2]Li;Bichang [1,2]Qian;Dongqing [1,2]Yang;Xiangdong [1,2]Li

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University;[2]College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University

出　　处：《The Crop Journal》索引2019年第7卷第1期,共12页

基　　金：supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2014BAD11B04-2);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30840056, 31171496);Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology and Industry System (SDAIT-04-01) 摘　　要：Agronomically optimizing the timing and rates of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application can increase crop yield and decrease N loss to the environment. Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)–peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) relay intercropping systems are a mainstay of economic and food security in China. We performed a field experiment to investigate the effects of N fertilizer on N recovery efficiency, crop yield, and N loss rate in wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China during 2015–2017. The N was applied on the day before sowing, the jointing stage(G30) or the booting stage(G40) of winter wheat, and the anthesis stage(R1) of peanut in the following percentage splits: 50-50-0-0(N1), 35-35-0-30(N2), and 35-0-35-30(N3), using 300 kg N ha-1, with 0 kg N ha-1(N0) as control. ^(15)N-labeled(20.14 atom %) urea was used to trace the fate of N in microplots. The yields of wheat and peanut increased by 12.4% and 15.4% under the N2 and N3 treatments, relative to those under the N1 treatment. The ^(15)N recovery efficiencies( ^(15)NRE) were 64.9% and 58.1% for treatments N2 and N3, significantly greater than that for the N1 treatment(45.3%). The potential N loss rates for the treatments N2 and N3 were23.7% and 7.0%, significantly lower than that for treatment N1(30.1%). Withholding N supply until the booting stage(N3) did not reduce the wheat grain yield; however, it increased the N content derived from ^(15)N-labeled urea in peanuts, promoted the distribution of ^(15)N to pods, and ultimately increased pod yields in comparison with those obtained by topdressing N at jointing stage(N2). In comparison with N2, the N uptake and N recovery efficiency(NRE) of N3 was increased by 12.0% and 24.1%,respectively, while the apparent N loss decreased by 16.7%. In conclusion, applying N fertilizer with three splits and delaying topdressing fertilization until G40 of winter wheat increased total grain yields and NRE and reduced N loss. This practice could be an environment-friendly N management strategy for wheat–peanut relay intercropping systems in China. 关键词：NITROGEN management Wheat–peanut RELAY intercropping system Crop yield NITROGEN recovery EFFICIENCY Apparent N loss

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Timing and splitting of nitrogen fertilizer supply to increase crop yield and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in a wheat–peanut relay intercropping system in China

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