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| 1 | Isolation of the mucilages from Hibiscus rosasinensis linn.and Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus linn.) and studies of the binding effects of the mucilages显示文摘Objective:To isolate and evaluate comparatively the binding efficacy of the mucilages obtained from the plants of Hibiscus rosasinensis and Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus).Methods:Extraction of mucilages from the leaves of Hibiscus and pods of Okra(Ladies finger) was carried out by a cold maceration process.The extracted mucilages were subjected to various physicochemical properties for its suitability as an excipient in the formulation of tablet dosage form.Different concentrations(10,8,5,2 and 1%w/v) of binder solutions of Hibiscus and Okra were used for the formulation of tablets and the formulated tablets were evaluated by studying the standard parameters like diameter,thickness,weight variation,hardness,friability,disintegration and in vitro dissolution.Stability studies of the formulated tablets were conducted for four weeks. Results:The formulated tablets prepared using the mucilages of both Hibiscus and Okra had good appearance.The in vitro drug release profile of the tablets prepared using Okra mucilage had an optimum of 90%at a mucilage concentration of 1%w/v concentration mucilage itself within 4 h.Conclusions:According to the observations,the lower concentration levels of Okra can be used as an alternative binder to starch.The higher concentration levels of Okra mucilage show a slow and sustained release,and can be considered as an alternative natural excipient in the modified drug delivery systems.At the same time,the above natural excipient of Hibiscus mucilage could be used as a platform for prolonged release if its binder concentrations are increased. | Ameena K Dilip C Saraswathi R Krishnan PN Sankar C Simi SP | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，7： | 8 |
| 2 | Antimicrobial activity of cotton and silk fabric with herbal extract by micro encapsulation显示文摘Objective:To explore the antimicrobial activity of microcapsules encapsulated with mixture of herbs like neem,tulsi and turmeric,and its application on cellulosic fabric in the form of microcapsules.Methods:The microcapsules were prepared from the mixture of herbs by plain diffusion method,a natural encapsulation technique with yeast and applied on cotton and silk fabric by pad-dry-cure method.The microcapsules were fixed on cotton and silk fabric using the binder UF Silpure FBR-5(PA)B at 120℃.The antimicrobial activities of the finished fabric were assessed by using three types of bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas.Results:The results of antimicrobial activity from the tests including parallel streak method and disc diffusion method showed that activity of the mixture of herbs was very effective among the three types of bacteria selected,and the antimicrobial activity of prepared microcapsule against Pseudomonas was very good.Conclusions:The herbal microcapsule treated fabric could be applied in the field of medicine.The scanning electron microscope photographs ensure the fixing of the microcapsules firmly in the yarn structure of plain woven cotton and silk fabric. | Saraswathi R Krishnan PN Dilip C | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Irrational drug use-a pilot prescription study from Calicut,Kerala显示文摘Objective:To describe the prescribing behavior of the physician in Kerala,and to describe types and number of medicine prescribed by doctors so as to rationalize the prescription writing habits of physician.Methods: A six month study was done to define the pattern of drug use in Medical college hospital,Calicut. The data and the other important aspects of study were collected by personal interview,questionnaires meant for doctors and prescription monitoring Performa for the patients issued by WHO. The findings of survey were critically analyzed.Results: The results indicated that majority of doctors prescribed on the basis of patient's history,patient's feed back report,drug availability,brand cost,quality of drug and ADRs. All the interviewed doctors looked upon the side effects. It was found that individual drugs were prescribed more than fixed dose combinations (85.6%). Out of these 71.5% were prescribed as branded and 28.5% as generic. The demographic data,like name,age,sex,disease diagnosis were available on all the patient health care cards and these constituted an essential part of the prescription particularly age and sex being an important in deciding the dose preference for patients. Socio economically most patients were found to be in the grade ⅡI (Population below poverty line). During the study of drug related parameters,doses were mentioned only in 80% of the prescription. But duration of the drug therapy was found to be only 30%.These indicated the irrational use of prescription. Branded drugs prescribed were found to be 71.5%,which showed a trend towards a good prescription habit. The results indicated the rational use of drug.Conclusion: The survey reveales that most of the doctors in Medical college hospital,Calicut are maintaining rational use of drugs and their prescription writing habits was found to be good. | Dilip C Saraswathi R Krishnan PN Vinod thomas Sanal dev Prasanth NV Subashpillai | 2009 | 海南医学院学报2009，15，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Formulation and evaluation of Albendazole microcapsules for colon delivery using chitosan显示文摘Objective:To formulate and evaluate Albendazole microcapsules using chitosan,a natural polymer for colon-specific delivery for better treatment of helminthiasis,filariasis,colorectal cancer,avoiding the side effects.Methods:The Albendazole microcapsules were prepared by the use of different concentrations of sodium alginate,chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC).The polysaccharides chitosan reacted with sodium alginate in the presence of calcium chloride to form microcapsules with a polyelectrolyte complex membrane by electrostatic interactions between the two oppositely charged polymers.The microcapsules were then studied for entrapment efficiency,drug-polymer compatibility and surface morphology. In vitro drug release study in presence and absence of cecal content were also studied.Further, kinetic modellings were employed to find out release mechanisms.Results:Albendazole loaded microspheres showd high entrapment efficiency(72.8%) and the microcapsules were free flowing,non aggregated and spherical,between 600 and 1 000μm in diameter.The surface of microcapsules were found to be porous and wavy.The FT-IR spectrum showed that there is no interaction between the polymer and the drug.The in vitro drug release study found to be affected by change in chitosan,sodium alginate and HPMC concentration.The microcapsules with 2.5% sodium alginate and 0.4% chitosan shown minimum release in gastrointestinal simulated condition but shows maximum drug release at the end of 24th hour in presence of cecal content.The rate of drug release follows Korsmeyer-peppas model that was the drug release is by diffusion and erosion.Conclusions:The study reveals that Albendazole loaded chitosanalginate based microsphere can be used effectively for the colon targeting. | Simi SP Saraswathi R Sankar C Krishnan PN Dilip C Ameena K | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Formulation and evaluation of acyclovir microcapsules using bakers yeast显示文摘Objective:To formulate and evaluate acyclovir microcapsules using bakers yeast.Methods: Acyclovir,pretreated yeast and deionised water were taken at a volumetric ratio of 1:2:4 respectively.This suspension was agitated in a magnetic stirrer at 25℃30℃.35℃,and 40℃for 4 hours.The suspension was then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2 000 rpm.The supernatant solution was decanted and the cells were washed 5 times with deionised water.Then the suspended drug entrapped yeast cells were dried in a lyophillizer for 48 hours.The yield was noted.Results:The first four formulations were done with 200 mg of the drug,followed by 400 mg for the next four formulations and 800 mg the last four formulations.SEM showed that the surface of the microcapsules was intact,with no burst characteristics.FTIR showed no interaction between acyclovir and the cell wall.DSC showed that the peak was within the standard values. The mean particle size for all the samples was 8μm in diameter.The dissolution studies were done for all the twelve samples and showed a Fickian model of diffusion.Conclusions: From the results it is inferred that the samples prepared at 40℃(FY-4,FY- 8,FY-12) show better entrapment and release.So these samples are formulated in the form of a suspension and compared with marketed acyclovir suspension using HPLC technique.The formulated suspensions with FY-4,FY-8 and FY-12 shows drug content in accordance with the standards of the pharmacopoeial limits. | Krishnan PN Saraswathi R Dilip C Ramarao N | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Comparitive evaluation of different systems of medicines and the present scenario of chikungunya in Kerala显示文摘Objective:To identify the chikungunya outbreaks in both indoor and outdoor patients in some selected hospitals in our locality and the burden and magnitude of the disease,to compare different system of medicines(allopathic,Ayurvedic,homeopathy etc) and to explore the knowledge,attitude and practices of pharmacists and other health care professionals in the treatment of chikungunya.Methods:A six-month study was carried out.Detailed history was taken from the case history,personal interview of doctors and suspected cases.Personal data such as name age,sex,location,date of onset of illness,medical history,general/systemic examination features,drugs used(allopathy,Ayurveda,homeopathy,or traditional) for the treatment,etc.were noted down.A simple questionnaire was prepared and distributed to various doctors practicing various systems of medicines.Results:A total of 209 suspected cases were identified from July to December,2009.People in the age group of 20-40 years were more affected.The study revealed that females were more affected than males.The Grade-Ⅲ(58.73%) population was more prone to chikungunya than Grade-Ⅱ(38.75%) and Grade-Ⅰ(2.87%).It showed that fever,pain in muscles, and sleeping disturbances were the intense symptoms of chikungunya.Myocarditis and arthritis were concomitant diseases which worsened chikungunya symptoms.It also indicated the effective medicine for compliance is nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDS).Conclusions:From our study we found that in some places there is no proper documentation,even though there are proper guidelines framed by the relevant authorities.It can be concluded from the study that all the systems of medicine are equally important for the management of chikungunya.Additional effort in promoting the guidelines at local level and proper documentation helps to achieve the goal of curbing the chikungunya.It is high time to increase our effort and promote these messages at grassroot level which benefits the society/ community as a whole. | Dilip C Saraswathi R Krishnan PN AK Azeem Raseena Abdul azeez Ramya Jaywin jose | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，6： | 0 |
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