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| 1 | Gastroenterology in developing countries:Issues and advances显示文摘Developing countries shoulder a considerable burden of gastroenterological disease. Infectious diseases in particular cause enormous morbidity and mortality. Diseases which afflict both western and developing countries are often seen in more florid forms in poorer countries. Innovative techniques continuously improve and update gastroenterological practice. However, advances in diagnosis and treatment which are commonplace in the West, have yet to reach many developing countries. Clinical guidelines, based on these advances and collated in resource-rich environments,lose their relevance outside these settings. In this two-part review, we first highlight the global burden of gastroenterological disease in three major areas: diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis B, and Helicobacter pylori . Recent progress in their management is explored, with consideration of future solutions. The second part of the review focuses on the delivery of clinical services in developing countries. Inadequate numbers of healthcare workers hamper efforts to combat gastroenterological disease. Reasons for this shortage are examined, along with possibilities for increased specialist training. Endoscopy services, the mainstay of gastroenterology in the West, are in their infancy in many developing countries. The challenges faced by those setting up a service are illustrated by the example of a Nigerian endoscopy unit. Finally, we highlight the limited scope of many clinical guidelines produced in western countries. Guidelines which take account of resource limitations in the form of 'cascades' are advocated in order to make these guidelines truly global. Recognition of the different working conditions facing practitioners worldwide is an important step towards narrowing the gap between gastroenterology in rich and poor countries. | Kate L Mandeville Justus Krabshuis Nimzing Gwamzhi Ladep Chris JJ Mulder Eamonn MM Quigley Shahid A Khan | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，23： | 8 |
| 2 | Integrated optical dull Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor显示文摘 | Hua P Jonathan L B Quigley G Q | 2002 | Sensors and Actuators B2002，87，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Number of ganglion cells in glaucoma eyes compared with threshold visual field tests in the same persons显示文摘 | KERRIGAN-BAUMRIND L A QUIGLEY H A PEASE M E | 2000 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci2000，41，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Gastrointestinal symptoms in Parkinson's disease 显示文摘 | Edwards L L Pfeiffer R F Quigley E M | 1991 | Mov Disord1991，6，： | 1 |
| 5 | Continual reassessment method: a practical design for phase I clinical trials in cancer 显示文摘 | O'Quigley J Pepe M Fisher L | 1990 | Biometrics1990，46，： | 1 |
| 6 | Initial chamcterization of TREM-like transcript(TLT)-1:aputative inhibitory receptor within the TREM cluster显示文摘 | Shington A V Quigley L Me Viear D W | 2002 | Blood2002，100，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Initial characterizationof TREM-like transcript(TLT)-1:aputative inhibitory receptorwithin the TREM cluster显示文摘 | Washington AV Quigley L McVicar DW | 2002 | Blood2002，100，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Potential toxicity of mitomycin C显示文摘 | DERICK R J PASQUALE L QUIGLEY H A | 1991 | Arch Ophthalmol1991，109，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Efficacy of spray-drying to reduce infectivity of pseudorabies and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) viruses and seroconversion in pigs fed diets containing spray-dried animal plasma显示文摘 | Polo J Quigley J D Russell L E | 2005 | J Anim Sci2005，83，： | 1 |
| 10 | Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of prucalopride in severe chronic constipation-a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 显示文摘 | Quigley E Vandeplassche L Kerstens R | 2009 | Aliment Pharmacol Ther2009，29，3： | 1 |
| 11 | The phenotype of short stature homeobox gene (SHOX) deficiency in childhood: contrasting children with Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis and Turner syndrome显示文摘 | Ross J L Kowal K Quigley C A | 2005 | J Pediatr2005，147，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Transcriptional analysis of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells shows that PD-1 inhibits T cell function by upregulating BATF 显示文摘 | Quigley M Pereyra F Nilsson B Porichis F Fonseca C Eichbaum Q Julg B Jcsneck JL Brosnahan K Imam S Russell K Toth I Piechocka-Trocha A Dolfi D Ange- losanto J Crawford A Shin H Kwon DS Zupkosky J Francisco L Freeman GJ Wherry Kaufmann DE Walker BD Ebert B Haining WN | 2010 | Nat Med2010，16，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association with Toll-like receptor 4 expression and plasma levels of interleukin 8 显示文摘 | Shanab AA Scully P Crosbie O Buckley M O'Mahony L Shanahan F Gazareen S Murphy E Quigley EM | 2011 | Dig Dis Sci2011，56，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Selective effect of experlment glaucoma on axonal transport by retinal ganglion cells to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus 显示文摘 | Hendrickson A Quigley HA | 1991 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci1991，32，： | 1 |
| 15 | Retinal ganglion cell death in experimental glaucoma and after axotomy occurs by apotosis显示文摘 | Quigley H A Niekells R W Kerrigan L A | 1995 | Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sei1995，36，： | 1 |
| 16 | Bayesian Belief Nets for Manag-ing Expert Judgement and ModellingReliability显示文摘 | J H Sigurdsson L A Walls J L Quigley | 2001 | Quality and Reliability Engineering International2001，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Role of B7:CD28/CTLA4Ig in the induction of chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis显示文摘 | Perrin PJ Scott D Quigley L | 1995 | J Immunol1995，154，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Evaluation of supplemental nutrition assistance program education:Application of behavioral theory and survey validation 显示文摘 | Wyker B A Jordan P Quigley D L | 2012 | J NutrEduc Behave2012，44，4： | 1 |
| 19 | A term family member, TLT-1, is found exclusively in the alpha-granules of megakaryocytes and platelets 显示文摘 | WADHINGTON AV SCHUBERT RL QUIGLEY L DISIPIO T | 2004 | Blood2004，104，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Cardiorespiratory function before and after corrective sur- gery in pectus excavatum显示文摘 | QUIGLEY P M HALLER JA J R JELUS K L | 1996 | J Pediatr1996，128，51： | 1 |
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