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| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | Hepatotoxicity in an African antiretroviral therapy cohort: the effect of tuberculosis and hepatitis B显示文摘 | Christopher J Hoffmann Salome Charalambous Chloe L Thio Desmond J Martin Lindiwe Pemba Katherine L Fielding Gavin J Churchyard Richard E Chaisson Alison D Grant | 2007 | AIDS2007，，10： | 1 |
| 3 | Clinical Findings for a Group of Infants and Young Children with Auditory Neuropathy显示文摘 | Gary Rance David E. Beer Barbara Cone-Wesson Robert K. Shepherd Richard C. Dowell Alison M. King Field W. Rickards Graeme M. Clark | 1999 | Ear and Hearing1999，，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Weight-control behaviors and subsequent weight change among adolescents and young adult females 显示文摘 | Alison E Field Jess Haines Bernard Rosner | 2010 | The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition2010，91，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Indoor tanning bed use and risk of food addiction based on the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale显示文摘The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals.We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning,which we view as a sunogate for tanning addiction,and food addiction.A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses' Health Study II.In2005,we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years,and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these periods.Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress,assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.Totally 23.3%(15,822) of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years.A total of 5,557(8.2%) women met the criteria for food addiction.We observed a dose-response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction(P_(trend)< 0.0001),independent of depression,BMI,and other confounders.Compared with never indoor tanners,the odds ratio(95%confidence interval) of food addiction was 1.07(0.99-1.17) for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year,1.25(1.09-1.43) for 3-5times/year,1.34(1.14-1.56) for 6-11 times/year,1.61(1.35-1.91) for 12-23 times/year,and 2.98(1.95-4.57) for 24 or more times/year.Frequent indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle age.Our data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning,which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer. | Wen-Qing Li John E.McGeary Eunyoung Cho Alan Flint Shaowei Wu Alberto Ascherio Eric Rimm Alison Field Abrar A.Qureshi | 2017 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2017，31，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Specificity of early-career general practitioners’problem formulations in patients presenting with dizziness:a cross-sectional analysis显示文摘Objectives Dizziness is a common and challenging clinical presentation in general practice.Failure to determine specific aetiologies can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.We aimed to establish frequency and associations of general practitioner(GP)trainees’(registrars’)specific vertigo provisional diagnoses and their non-specific symptomatic problem formulations.Design A cross-sectional analysis of Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training(ReCEnT)cohort study data between 2010 and 2018.ReCEnT is an ongoing,prospective cohort study of registrars in general practice training in Australia.Data collection occurs once every 6 months midtraining term(for three terms)and entails recording details of 60 consecutive clinical consultations on hardcopy case report forms.The outcome factor was whether dizziness-related or vertigo-related presentations resulted in a specific vertigo provisional diagnosis versus a non-specific symptomatic problem formulation.Associations with patient,practice,registrar and consultation independent variables were assessed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression.Setting Australian general practice training programme.The training is regionalised and delivered by regional training providers(RTPs)(2010-2015)and regional training organisations(RTOs)(2016-2018)across Australia(from five states and one territory).Participants All general practice registrars enrolled with participating RTPs or RTOs undertaking GP training terms.Results 2333 registrars(96%response rate)recorded 1734 new problems related to dizziness or vertigo.Of these,546(31.5%)involved a specific vertigo diagnosis and 1188(68.5%)a non-specific symptom diagnosis.Variables associated with a non-specific symptom diagnosis on multivariable analysis were lower socioeconomic status of the practice location(OR 0.94 for each decile of disadvantage,95%CIs 0.90 to 0.98)and longer consultation duration(OR 1.02,95%CIs 1.00 to 1.04).A specific vertigo diagnosis was associated with performing a procedure(OR 0.52,95%CIs 0.27 to 1.00),with some evidence for seeking information from a supervisor being associated with a non-specific symptom diagnosis(OR 1.39,95%CIs 0.92 to 2.09;p=0.12).Conclusions Australian GP registrars see dizzy patients as frequently as established GPs.The frequency and associations of a non-specific diagnosis are consistent with the acknowledged difficulty of making diagnoses in vertigo/dizziness presentations.Continuing emphasis on this area in GP training and encouragement of supervisor involvement in registrars’diagnostic processes is indicated. | Jocelyn Ledger Amanda Tapley Christopher Levi Andrew Davey Mieke van Driel Elizabeth G Holliday Jean Ball Alison Fielding Neil Spike Kristen FitzGerald Parker Magin | 2021 | Family Medicine and Community Health2021，9，4： | 0 |
| 7 | Absolute cardiovascular risk assessment by Australian early-career general practitioners: a cross-sectional study显示文摘Objective To determine the prevalence and associations of general practice registrars’performing absolute cardio-vascular risk(ACVR)assessment(ACVRa).Design A cross-sectional study employing data(2017–2018)from the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training project,an ongoing inception cohort study of Australian GP registrars.The outcome measure was whether an ACVRa was performed.Analyses employed univariable and multivariable regression.Analysis was conducted for all patient problems/diagnoses,then for an‘at-risk’population(specific problems/diagnoses for which ACVRa is indicated).Setting Three GP regional training organisations(RTOs)across three Australian states.Participants GP registrars training within participating RTOs.Results 1003 registrars(response rate 96.8%)recorded details of 69105 problems either with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait patients aged 35 years and older or with non-Indigenous patients aged 45 years and older.Of these problems/diagnoses,1721(2.5%(95%CI 2.4%to 2.6%))involved an ACVRa.An ACVRa was‘plausibly indicated’in 10384 problems/diagnoses.Of these,1228(11.8%(95%CI 11.2%to 12.4%))involved ACVRa.For‘all problems/diagnoses’,on multivariable analysis female gender was associated with reduced odds of ACVRa(OR 0.61(95%CI 0.54 to 0.68)).There was some evidence for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people being more likely to receive ACVRa(OR 1.40(95%CI 0.94 to 2.08),p=0.10).There were associations with variables related to continuity of care,with reduced odds of ACVRa:if the patient was new to the registrar(OR 0.65(95%CI 0.57 to 0.75)),new to the practice(OR 0.24(95%CI 0.15 to 0.38))or the problem was new(OR 0.68(95%CI 0.59 to 0.78));and increased odds if personal follow-up was organised(OR 1.43(95%CI 1.24 to 1.66)).For‘ACVRa indicated’problems/diagnoses,findings were similar to those for‘all problems/diagnoses’.Association with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status,however,was significant at p<0.05(OR 1.60(95%CI 1.04 to 2.46))and association with female gender was attenuated(OR 0.88(95%CI 0.77 to 1.01)).Conclusion Continuity of care is associated with registrars assessing ACVR,reinforcing the importance of care continuity in general practice.Registrars’assessment of an individual patient’s ACVR is targeted to patients with individual risk factors,but this may entail ACVRa underutilisation in female patients and younger age groups. | Toby Morgan Anna Ralston Andrew Davey Elizabeth G Holliday Mark Nelson Alison Fielding Mieke van Driel Amanda Tapley Dominica Moad Jean Ball Jennifer Presser Neil Spike Parker Magin | 2023 | Family Medicine and Community Health2023，11，3： | 0 |
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