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| 1 | A Brief Overview of ChatGPT:The History,Status Quo and Potential Future Development显示文摘ChatG PT,an artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) model developed by OpenAI,has attracted worldwide attention for its capability of dealing with challenging language understanding and generation tasks in the form of conversations.This paper briefly provides an overview on the history,status quo and potential future development of ChatGPT,helping to provide an entry point to think about ChatGPT.Specifically,from the limited open-accessed resources,we conclude the core techniques of ChatGPT,mainly including large-scale language models,in-context learning,reinforcement learning from human feedback and the key technical steps for developing ChatGPT.We further analyze the pros and cons of ChatGPT and we rethink the duality of ChatGPT in various fields.Although it has been widely acknowledged that ChatGPT brings plenty of opportunities for various fields,mankind should still treat and use ChatG PT properly to avoid the potential threat,e.g.,academic integrity and safety challenge.Finally,we discuss several open problems as the potential development of ChatGPT. | Tianyu Wu Shizhu He Jingping Liu Siqi Sun Kang Liu Qing-Long Han Yang Tang | 2023 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2023，10，5： | 18 |
| 2 | Shuganjieyu capsule increases neurotrophic factor expression in a rat model of depression显示文摘Shuganjieyu capsule has been approved for clinical treatment by the State Food and Drug Administration of China since 2008. In the clinic, Shuganjieyu capsule is often used to treat mild to moderate depression. In the rat model of depression established in this study, Shuganjieyu capsule was administered intragastrically daily before stress. Behavioral results confirmed that depressive symptoms lessened after treatment with high-dose(150 mg/kg) Shuganjieyu capsule. Immunohistochemistry results showed that high-dose Shuganjieyu capsule significantly increased phosphorylation levels of phosphorylation cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal CA3 area. Overall, our results suggest that in rats, Shuganjieyu capsule effectively reverses depressive-like behaviors by increasing expression levels of neurotrophic factors in the brain. | Jinhua Fu Yingjin Zhang Renrong Wu Yingjun Zheng Xianghui Zhang Mei Yang Jingping Zhao Yong Liu | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，5： | 10 |
| 3 | Emodin attenuates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by suppressing pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation显示文摘Severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury(SAP-ALI) is a serious disease associated with high mortality. Emodin has been applied to alleviate SAP-ALI;however, the mechanism remains unclear. We report that the therapeutic role of emodin in attenuating SAP-ALI is partly dependent on an exosomal mechanism. SAP rats had increased levels of plasma exosomes with altered protein contents compared to the sham rats. These infused plasma exosomes tended to accumulate in the lungs and promoted the hyper-activation of alveolar macrophages and inflammatory damage. Conversely,emodin treatment decreased the plasma/pancreatic exosome levels in the SAP rats. Emodin-primed exosomes showed less pro-inflammatory effects in alveolar macrophages and lung tissues than SAP exosomes. In detail, emodin-primed exosomes suppressed the NF-κB pathway to reduce the activation of alveolar macrophage and ameliorate lung inflammation by regulating PPARγ pathway, while these effects were amplified/abolished by PPARγ agonist/antagonist. Blockage of pancreatic acinar cell exosome biogenesis also exhibited suppression of alveolar macrophage activation and reduction of lung inflammation. This study suggests a vital role of exosomes in participating inflammation-associated organ-injury,and indicates emodin can attenuate SAP-ALI by reducing the pancreatic exosome-mediated alveolar macrophage activation. | Qian Hu Jiaqi Yao Xiajia Wu Juan Li Guixiang Li Wenfu Tang Jingping Liu Meihua Wan | 2022 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2022，12，10： | 7 |
| 4 | Leaching of dissolved organic matter from seagrass leaf litter and its biogeochemical implications显示文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM) represents a significant source of nutrients that supports the microbial-based food web in seagrass ecosystems. However, there is little information on how the various fractions of DOM from seagrass leaves contributed to the coastal biogeochemical cycles. To address this gap, we carried out a 30-day laboratory chamber experiment on tropical seagrasses Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. After 30 days of incubation, on average 22% carbon(C), 70% nitrogen(N) and 38% phosphorus(P) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter was released. The average leached dissolved organic carbon(DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) of these two species of seagrass leaf litter accounted for 55%, 95% and 65% of the total C, N and P lost, respectively. In the absence of microbes, about 75% of the total amount of DOC, monosaccharides(MCHO), DON and DOP were quickly released via leaching from both seagrass species in the first 9 days. Subsequently, little DOM was released during the remainder of the experiment. The leaching rates of DOC, DON and DOP were approximately 110, 40 and 0.70 μmol/(g·d). Leaching rates of DOM were attributed to the nonstructural carbohydrates and other labile organic matter within the seagrass leaf. Thalassia hemprichii leached more DOC, DOP and MCHO than E. acoroides. In contrast, E. acoroides leached higher concentrations of DON than T. hemprichii, with the overall leachate also having a higher DON: DOP ratio. These results indicate that there is an overall higher amount of DOM leachate from T. hemprichii than that of E. acoroides that is available to the seagrass ecosystem. According to the logarithmic model for DOM release and the in situ leaf litter production(the Xincun Bay, South China Sea), the seagrass leaf litter of these two seagrass species could release approximately 4×10~3 mol/d DOC, 1.4×10~3 mol/d DON and 25 mol/d DOP into the seawater. In addition to providing readily available nutrients for the microbial food web, the remaining particulate organic matter(POM)from the litter would also enter microbial remineralization processes. What is not remineralized from either DOM or POM fractions has potential to contribute to the permanent carbon stocks. | LIU Songlin JIANG Zhijian ZHOU Chenyuan WU Yunchao ARBI Iman ZHANG Jingping HUANG Xiaoping TREVATHAN-TACKETT Stacey M. | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，8： | 4 |
| 5 | Cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotic drugs in first-episode drug-nave schizophrenic patients显示文摘Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. The present randomized open study enrolled antipsychotic-nave patients who were experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia. After baseline neurocognitive tests and clinical assessment, subjects were randomly assigned to olanzapine, risperidone and aripiprazole treatment groups. A battery of neurocognitive tests showed that risperidone produced cognitive benefits in all five cognitive domains, including verbal learning and memory, visual learning and memory, working memory, processing speed, and selective attention; olanzapine improved processing speed and selective attention; and aripiprazole improved visual learning and memory, and working memory. However, the three atypical antipsychotic drugs failed to reveal any significant differences in the composite cognitive scores at the study endpoint. In addition, the three drugs all significantly improved clinical measures without significant differences between the drugs after 6 months. These results suggest that the atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine, risperidone and aripiprazole may improve specific cognitive domains with similar global clinical efficacy. In clinical practice, it may be feasible to choose corresponding atypical antipsychotics according to impaired cognitive domains. | Juan Wang Maorong Hu Xiaofeng Guo Renrong Wu Lehua Li Jingping Zhao | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，3： | 3 |
| 6 | Effects of moxibustion on heat-shock protein 70 expression in the spinal cord and colonic mucosa in a rat model of ulcerative colitis显示文摘Pathological changes in the colon are closely associated with the spinal cord,and innervation of spinal cord can regulate cellular functions.Our previous studies verified that moxibustion protects and restores the colonic mucosa,but the mechanisms of action remain unknown.The present study observed the effects of moxibustion and salicylazosulfapyridine on expression of heat-shock protein 70(HSP70) and its mRNA in the spinal cord and colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis rats.Results demonstrated that moxibustion and salicylazosulfapyridine increased HSP70 mRNA expression in the spinal cord and colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis rats.The decreased transcriptional activity of HSP70 in the spinal cord and colonic mucosa might participate in damage to the colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis rats.Moxibustion exerted protective effects on colonic mucosa by up-regulating HSP70 transcriptional activity in the spinal cord and colonic mucosa. | Li Qi Yin Shi Luyi Wu Jingping Mu Linying Tan Xiaopeng Ma Huirong Liu Shifen Xu Huangan Wu | 2010 | Neural Regeneration Research2010，5，22： | 3 |
| 7 | A Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Vaccine Carrying Zika Virus Capsid Protein Protects Mice from Viral Infection显示文摘Dear Editor,Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus that belongs to the Flavivirus family along with dengue virus (DENV),yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus (Ming et al. 2016). ZIKV is a singlestranded positive-sense RNA virus encoding three structural proteins, including nucleocapsid protein C, prM/M,envelope glycoprotein E, and seven non-structural proteins.Since 2015. | Xiaodan Shi Jingping Hu Jing Guo Chuanjian Wu Sidong Xiong Chunsheng Dong | 2019 | Virologica Sinica2019，34，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Recursive equations for compound distribution with the severity distribution of the mixed type显示文摘In this paper, recursive equations are obtained for compound distribution with the number of claims belonging to (a, b)-family and the severity distribution of the mixed type. Numerical methods to solve these equations are presented, and some numerical results are given. | YANG Jingping, CHENG Shihong & WU Qin LMAM, Department of Financial Mathematics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2005 | Science China Mathematics2005，48，5： | 2 |
| 9 | Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules reduce atherogenesis and promote the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in rabbit atherosclerotic plaque macrophages and the liver显示文摘Objective:ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)is an integral membrane protein that plays a key role in cellular lipid metabolism,preventing the accumulation of lipids that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules are a Chinese herbal compound that is capable of treating atherosclerosis.This study was designed to explore the potential pharmacological mechanism by which Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules protect against atherosclerosis.Methods:Forty-nine male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups:normal control group,normal diet;model groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet for 6 or 12 weeks;statin groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus atorvastatin for 6 or 12 weeks;and Chinese herb groups 1 and 2:balloon injury and high-fat diet plus Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules for 6 or12 weeks.The granules were administered at a dose of 1.14 g/kg/d,with atorvastatin(1.14 mg/kg/d)serving as positive control.Serum lipid profiles and liver function indices were measured.Atherogenesis was viewed after H&E staining and quantified by thickened intimal area percentage and maximal intimal thickness percentage.The ABCA1 protein expression in atherosclerotic plaque macrophages of the common carotid arteries(CCA),thoracic aortae(TA),and liver tissues were observed by immunohistochemical staining and evaluated using mean optical density(OD)value in macrophages and ABCA1-positive hepatocyte number.Results:Compared with model group 1 at week 6,Chinese herb group 1 and statin group 1 displayed significant reductions in total cholesterol(TC)(PZ0.027,0.012)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(PZ0.039,0.028)levels,as well as marked increases in ABCA1-positive hepatocyte numbers(P all<0.001),and only statin group 1 displayed a markedly reducedmaximal intimal thickness percentage in the CCA(P Z 0.018).Compared with model group 2 at week 12,Chinese herb group 2 and statin group 2 all presented significant reductions in TC(P Z 0.011,0.003),LDL-C(P Z 0.017,0.010)and thickened intimal area percentage in the CCA(P Z 0.001,0.022),as well as prominent increases in the ABCA1 OD value of both the CCA(P Z 0.001,0.039)and TA(P Z 0.001,0.025)and positive hepatocyte number(P all<0.001).Chinese herb group 2 had a markedly reduced maximal intimal thickness percentage compared with model group 2(P Z 0.006)and a higher positive hepatocytes number than statin group 2(P Z 0.001).Conclusions:Tiaozhi Tongmai Granules appear to have an anti-atherogenic effect that is most likely mediated by simultaneously upregulating the protein expression of ABCA1 in rabbit atherosclerotic plaque macrophages and in the liver. | Qing Sun Lu Zhang Shuwen Guo Min Zheng Dandan Yang Chenglong Zheng Jiani Wu Jian Liu Jingping Wu | 2014 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences2014，1，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Magnetostriction of Pseudobinary Compounds Pr_(0.15)Tb_xDy_(0.85-x)Fe_2(x=0 to 0.85)显示文摘The compound ingots of Pr0.15TbxDy0.85-xFe2 (x=0 to 0.85) were prepared by arc melting in a water Cu boat using arc furnace under a purified Ar atmosphere. Appropriate annealing (850℃, 100 h) can obtain single Laves phase compound. The magnetostriction for these systems will rise obviously when partially substituted Tb or Dy by Pr. | Yangxian LI and Jingping QU (Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China) Chengchun TANG, Guangheng WU and Wenshan ZHAN (State Key Laboratory for Magnetism, Institute of Physics, CAS, BeiJing 100080, China) | 2000 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2000，16，6： | 2 |
| 11 | Unsupervised content-preserving transformation for optical microscopy显示文摘The development of deep learning and open access to a substantial collection of imaging data together provide a potential solution for computational image transformation,which is gradually changing the landscape of optical imaging and biomedical research.However,current implementations of deep learning usually operate in a supervised manner,and their reliance on laborious and error-prone data annotation procedures remains a barrier to more general applicability.Here,we propose an unsupervised image transformation to facilitate the utilization of deep learning for optical microscopy,even in some cases in which supervised models cannot be applied.Through the introduction of a saliency constraint,the unsupervised model,named Unsupervised content-preserving Transformation for Optical Microscopy(UTOM);can learn the mapping between two image domains without requiring paired training data while avoiding distortions of the image content.UTOM shows promising performance in a wide range of biomedical image transformation tasks,including in silico histological staining,fluorescence image restoration,and virtual fluorescence labeling.Quantitative evaluations reveal that UTOM achieves stable and high-fidelity image transformations across different imaging conditions and modalities.We anticipate that our framework will encourage a paradigm shift in training neural networks and enable more applications of artificial intelligence in biomedical imaging. | Xinyang Li Guoxun Zhang Hui Qiao Feng Bao Yue Deng Jiamin Wu Yangfan He Jingping Yun Xing Lin Hao Xie Haoqian Wang Qionghai Dai | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Ultrasonic Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography Determination of Nicotine in Pharmaceutical Formulations 显示文摘 | Zuo Yuegang Zhang Liliang Wu Jingping | 2004 | Analytica Chimica Acta2004，526，： | 1 |
| 13 | Ultrasonic extraction and capillary gas chromatography determination of nicotine in pharmaceutical formulations显示文摘 | Zuo Yuegang Zhang Liliang Wu Jingping | 2004 | Analytica Chimica Acta2004，526，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Ultrasonic extraction and capillary gas chromatography determination of nicotine in pharmaceutical formulations显示文摘 | Yuegang Zuo Liliang Zhang Jingping Wu | 2004 | Analytica Chimica Acta2004，526，： | 1 |
| 15 | Antioxidant enzyme activity and chilling injury during low-temperature storage of Kiwifruit cv. Hongyang exposed to gradual postharvest cooling显示文摘 | Qingzhen Yang Jingping Rao Shunchao Yi Kun Meng Jianfeng Wu Yali Hou | 2012 | Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology2012，，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Ribosomal proteins S13 and L23 promote multidrug resistance in gastric cancer cells by suppressing drug-induced apoptosis显示文摘 | Yongquan Shi Huihong Zhai Xin Wang Zheyi Han Changjiang Liu Mei Lan Jingping Du Changcun Guo Yumei Zhang Kaichun Wu Daiming Fan | 2004 | Experimental Cell Research2004，，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Compact static Fourier transform imaging spectropolarimeter based on channeled polarimetry显示文摘 | Li Jie Zhu Jingping Wu Haiying | 2010 | Optics Letters2010，35，22： | 1 |
| 18 | Ultrasonic extraction and capillary gas chromatography determination of nicotine in pharmaceutical formulations 显示文摘 | Zuo Yuegang Zhang Liliang Wu Jingping | 2004 | Analytica Chimica Acta2004，526，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Ultrasonic extraction and capillary gas chromatography determination of nicotine in pharmaceutical formulations显示文摘 | Zuo Yuegang Zhang Liliang Wu Jingping etc | 2004 | Analytical Chemical Acta2004，526，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Serum Total and Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypercholesterolemia in China显示文摘 | Jiang He Dongfeng Gu Kristi Reynolds Xigui Wu Paul Muntner Jiangong Zhao Jing Chen Donghai Liu Jingping Mo Paul K. Whelton | 2004 | Circulation2004，，4： | 1 |
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